Survey of blindness and visual impairment in Bioko, Equatorial Guinea

Moser, Carlos L.

doi:10.1136/bjo.86.3.257

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Most studies examined only adults aged ≥40 or ≥50 years; however, two studies included all ages,13 15 and one ≥5 years 14. There were two studies from Cameroon, representing one rural and one urban district 10 11.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blindness and visual impairment due to age-related cataract in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of recent population-based studies

2013

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blindness and visual impairment due to age-related cataract in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of recent population-based studies

2013

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“…It is generally accepted that visually impaired people are over-represented in such studies, but some authors report contradictory results on this matter. 24 On the other hand, since prevalence estimates were based only on visual acuity measurements, some visual impairment associated with visual field defects could have been missed, resulting in a potential underestimation.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Tehran: the Tehran Eye Study

Fotouhi

Hashemi²,

Mohammad³

et al. 2004

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Aims: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Tehran, Iran, through a population based study. Methods: In a population based, cross sectional study, 6497 Tehran citizens were sampled from 160 clusters using a stratified, random, cluster sampling strategy. The eligible people were enumerated through a door to door household survey in the selected clusters and were invited. All participants were transferred to a clinic for an extensive eye examination and interview. Visual impairment was determined using presenting and best corrected visual acuity (low vision: visual acuity of less than 6/18 to 3/60 in the better eye; blindness: visual acuity of less than 3/60 in the better eye). Results: Of those sampled, 4565 (70.3%) people participated in the study. The age and sex standardised prevalences of visual impairment on the basis of best corrected and presenting visual acuity were 1.39% (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07 to 1.71) and 2.52% (95% CI, 2.07 to 2.97), respectively. 15 people (0.28%; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.42) were blind with corrected vision while 22 (0.39%; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.56) were blind with presenting vision. Using the corrected and presenting vision, the prevalence of low visual impairment was 1.11% (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.39) and 2.13% (95% CI, 1.71 to 2.55), respectively. The causes of visual impairment according to the best corrected vision were cataract (36.0%), macular degeneration (20.0%), and amblyopia (10.7%). However, according to the presenting vision, uncorrected refractive errors were the most frequent primary cause (33.6%) and cataract (25.4%), macular degeneration (12.7%), and amblyopia (8.2%) were the other main causes of visual impairment in the study sample. The prevalence of visual impairment was associated with advancing age and lower education. Conclusion:The results indicate that the burden of visual impairment is important and, although easily preventable, uncorrected refractive errors and cataract have a major role as causes of visual impairment in this population. Results also highlight the need for visual impairment prevention programmes, with emphasis on treatment of refractive errors and cataract.

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“…The data that do exist for individuals of African descent are largely from studies undertaken in populations living outside of the African continent [14],[15]. It is presumed that AMD is rare in Africans; however, in the last 10 y, African population-based studies have suggested that posterior segment eye diseases are highly prevalent, and this group of disorders, which includes AMD, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, has been highlighted as either the leading or second leading cause of blindness in surveys undertaken in Cameroon [16], Tanzania [17], Kenya [18], Rwanda [19], Zanzibar [20], and Guinea [21]. These studies, however, did not assess AMD as a specific entity and did not use digital retinal photography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%