Survey of Canada Goose Feces for Presence of Giardia

Ayers, Christopher R.; DePerno, Christopher S.; Moorman, Christopher E.; Stibbs, Henry H.; Faust, Angela M.

doi:10.26077/asct-j139

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Although mallard, greylag goose ( Anser anser ), mute swan ( Cygnus olor ), and common merganser ( Mergus merganser ) have been implicated in the water-associated transmission of G. duodenalis in Poland, further molecular studies are needed on whether these spread zoonotic Giardia [ 45 ]. Despite the use of three molecular markers, there is also no evidence of G. duodenalis assemblages that could postulate clear epidemiological consequences in terms of public health in nine positive waterbird species from the USA [ 44 , 47 ] ( Table 1 ). An epidemiological study of Giardia in greylag geese and tufted ducks ( Aythaya fuligula ) from Iran was based only on microscopic data [ 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrating Anatidae as Sources of Environmental Contamination with Zoonotic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidia

2023

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Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and microsporidia are gastrointestinal pathogens that can cause various disease symptoms in both animals and humans. Numerous studies worldwide have confirmed the presence of these eukaryotic pathogens in nesting and migrating wild geese, ducks, and swans. Migration spreads these zoonotic enteric pathogens to distant locations, which could have public health implications. Soils and water bodies (lakes, ponds, rivers and wetlands) in urban and suburban areas have been shown to be vulnerable to contamination by waterfowl droppings. This review addresses the epidemiology of these enteric pathogens in wild migratory bird species (Anatidae) and some consequences of their spread in the environment. To date, both zoonotic pathogens and genotypes restricted to avian hosts have been found in faecal samples from 21 anatid species worldwide. One of the routes of infection for these zoonotic gastrointestinal micropathogens is the indirect route. For example, shared water bodies (e.g., for drinking or recreational purposes) previously contaminated by birds during the migratory season may facilitate infections of humans through water. However, it is unclear how much wild waterfowl contribute to the transmission of giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporosis, and microsporidiosis in many regions through contaminated environmental sources. Comprehensive epidemiological surveillance based on molecular data on gastrointestinal pathogens is crucial to take measures to control infections in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrating Anatidae as Sources of Environmental Contamination with Zoonotic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidia

2023

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“…(Converse et al, 1999;Graczyk et al, 1998;Kassa et al, 2001;Kassa et al, 2004;Moriarty et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2004), 0.0-100.0% for Giardia spp. (Ayers et al, 2014;Converse et al, 1999;Graczyk et al, 1998;Kassa et al, 2001), 0.0-2.3% for Salmonella spp. (Converse et al, 1999;Fallacara et al, 2004;Vogt et al, 2018) and 0.0-100.0% for antimicrobial resistant E. coli (Cole et al, 2005;Fallacara et al, 2001;Vogt et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Populations of resident (non-migratory) Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have been growing significantly among urban sites throughout North-Central Oklahoma, as well as many other regions of North America, due to several factors including the lack of predators and the availability of suitable habitats for geese, such as artificial ponds and lakes surrounded by well-maintained turfgrasses (Ayers et al, 2014;Cole et al, 2005;Gorham & Lee, 2016;Leonard, 2013;Rutledge et al, 2013;Vogt et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2004). Environment Canada (2011) estimated that there are at least seven million Canada geese present in North America, and its population is stable or increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of microorganisms have been recovered from the faeces of Canada geese, including Campylobacter spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Salmonella spp. and antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli (Ayers et al, 2014;Cole et al, 2005;Converse et al, 1999;Fallacara et al, 2001;Fallacara et al, 2004;Gorham & Lee, 2016;Graczyk et al, 1998;Kassa et al, 2001;Kassa et al, 2004;Moriarty et al, 2011;Rutledge et al, 2013;Vogt et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2004). Humans can contract these microorganisms through accidental ingestion from contaminated environments during leisure activities such as swimming, playing in sediments, fishing, water skiing and picnicking near beaches where Canada geese are often observed (Acha & Szyfres, 2003;Ayers et al, 2014; Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019; Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020;Rutledge et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and effective sample sizes. Although the prevalence of these pathogens recovered from the faeces of Canada geese has been reported in several states of the United States, including Colorado, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio and Virginia (Ayers et al, 2014;Converse et al, 1999;Fallacara et al, 2001;Fallacara et al, 2004;Gorham & Lee, 2016;Graczyk et al, 1998;Kassa et al, 2001;Kassa et al, 2004;Rutledge et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2004), no survey has been conducted in the South-Central region of the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of zoonotic parasites and bacteria in faeces of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in North‐Central Oklahoma

Nagamori

Litherland

Koons

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background As a population of non‐migratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis) has been growing in residential and recreational areas, public concerns on potential acquisition of zoonotic pathogens from Canada geese and their faecal deposits have been increasing. Objectives The main study objective was to evaluate the prevalence of zoonotic microorganisms, Campylobacter spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and Salmonella spp. and antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in faeces of Canada geese residing in North‐Central Oklahoma, United States. Methods A total of 204 faecal samples were collected from 11 locations in North‐Central Oklahoma, where public recreational areas such as lakes and ponds were located, and Canada geese were commonly inhabited. Faecal samples were examined by a centrifugal flotation to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. infections. A total of 180 faecal samples were grouped into 36 pooled samples and cultured using standard culture methods to detect the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. infections. The antimicrobial resistance profile was determined on 32 E. coli isolates recovered from the 36 sample pools, using the Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion method. Results The targeted zoonotic pathogens were not identified by the faecal examinations performed. Of the 32 E. coli isolates, 17 isolates (53.1%) demonstrated resistance to ≥1 antimicrobial agent. Conclusions Targeted zoonotic pathogens were not detected among the examined resident Canada geese in North‐Central Oklahoma. The findings of multiple‐antimicrobial resistant E. coli infections are potentially a public health concern although the prevalence was low in this study. Further, larger scale surveys are recommended.

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Survey of Canada Goose Feces for Presence of Giardia

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Migrating Anatidae as Sources of Environmental Contamination with Zoonotic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidia

Migrating Anatidae as Sources of Environmental Contamination with Zoonotic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidia

Survey of zoonotic parasites and bacteria in faeces of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in North‐Central Oklahoma

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