Survey of Cryogenic Cooling Techniques

Donabedian, M.

doi:10.21236/ad0755780

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The Donabedian conceptual framework will serve as a guide for synthesising the literature and determining how coping strategies can be classified and implemented 51. The framework looks at three components for evaluating the quality of care 51. These include structure, process and outcome 51.…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping strategies of the incarcerated during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol of quantitative and qualitative evidence

2023

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IntroductionTo reduce the transmission of COVID-19, regulations included the use of cloth masks, sanitising regularly, maintaining social distance and having minimal personal contact. COVID-19 affected many different groups of people including service providers and users of correctional centres. In this protocol, we aim to establish evidence on the challenges and coping strategies adopted by the incarcerated and service providers of the incarcerated during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisIn this scoping review, we will use the Arksey and O’Malley framework. We will consult PubMed, PsycInfo, SAGE, JSTOR, African Journals and Google Scholar as our databases to search for evidence, and run a continuous search of articles from June 2022 until we conduct an analysis to ensure that our search results are updated. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full texts for inclusion. All results will be compiled, and duplicates will be removed. Discrepancies and conflicts will be discussed with the third reviewer. All articles that meet the full-text criteria will be included for data extraction. Results will be reported in line with the review objectives and the Donabedian conceptual framework.DisseminationEthical approval of the study will not be applicable in this scoping review. Our findings will be disseminated in different ways, such as publishing in peer-reviewed journals and to other key correctional system stakeholders, as well as submitting a policy brief for prison decision makers and policy makers.

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Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping strategies of the incarcerated during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol of quantitative and qualitative evidence

2023

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“…Using the principle of J-W expansion, novel cryotips or "minicoolers" have been manufactured by several companies. For example, Donabedian (1972) has compared the performance of such J-T refrigerators, used primarily for aerospace applications, manufactured by Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Hymatic Eng. Co. and Hughes Aircraft Company.…”

Section: 2b Joule-thomson Ut) Liquefier~refrigeratormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about some standard Claude cycle helium liquefiers/refrigerators produced commercially are given in table 8. Donabedian (1972) has compiled data on the turbomachinery refrigeration systems developed by General Electric, Garrett AiResearch, A D Little, Hymatic Eng. and Air products, mainly for space borne and military applications.…”

Section: 2b Joule-thomson Ut) Liquefier~refrigeratormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its special features, the Stifling cycle has been seriously considered for space-borne refrigeration systems, for example, to cool infrared detectors and other electronic devices. Donabedian (1972) has compiled the performances of such miniature Stirling cycle refrigerators manufactured by Philips, Malaker Corporation, Hughes Aircraft Co., and Kinergetics. As an example, the "cryogem" model of Philips (USA), attains 25 K in three minutes and provides 1 Watt of refrigeration at this temperature; input power is 475 W and weight is only 9 kg (Daniels & du Pre 1971).…”

Section: 2e Stirling Cycle Liquefiers~refrigeratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some details about the theory of operation and thermodynamic loss analysis are given by White" (1976). Donabedian (1972) has compiled the performance data of developmental V-M cycle refrigerator models of Philips laboratories, Garret AiResearch. Kinergetics, Hughes Aircraft Co. and RCA Corporation, USA.…”

Section: Thirumaleshwar and S V Stzbramanyammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryogenic refrigeration methods for low and ultra-low temperatures — a review

Thirumaleshwar

Subramanyam

1986

Sadhana

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In this review, various cryogenic refrigeration methods to obtain temperatures extending down to the milliKelvin/microKelvin range are described after first explaining the concepts of a "thermodynamically ideal cycle" and the "figure of merit". The various cycles are compared with each other. Data about some of the commercially available refrigerators/cryogenerators have also been included in this review.

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Introduction

Walker¹

1983

Cryocoolers

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Survey of Cryogenic Cooling Techniques

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Coping strategies of the incarcerated during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol of quantitative and qualitative evidence

Coping strategies of the incarcerated during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol of quantitative and qualitative evidence

Cryogenic refrigeration methods for low and ultra-low temperatures — a review

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