Survey of Heat Use During Peripheral IV Insertion by Health Care Workers

Kiger, Tammy; Knudsen, Élise Arsenault; Curran, Wendy; Hunter, Julia; Schaub, Anna; Williams, Mary Jane; Zechel, Janet; Kwekkeboom, Kristine L.

doi:10.1097/nan.0000000000000074

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In terms of safety and venous dilation effects, the surface temperature of heated items applied to the skin is recommended to be 40 ± 2 °C [ 5 ]. Hot packs have the highest utilization rate for heat applications in hospitals (65%), but hot towels are also used often not only in America but also in Japan [ 8 ]. Hot towel applications include two methods: direct application of a towel moistened with hot water (moist heat) and wrapping it in a dry barrier and applying it (dry heat) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study

Yasuda,

Shishido,

Murayama

et al. 2023

J Physiol Anthropol

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Background Heat application before peripheral intravenous catheterization is recommended for venous dilation. Hot pack application enlarges the venous diameter in healthy adults; however, hot towels (moist and dry heat) are used often in some medical cases. However, it is unclear whether hot towel application promotes venous dilation better than hot pack application. This study compared the venous dilation effect of using a hot towel (moist and dry heat) to a hot pack before applying the tourniquet at an access site for peripheral intravenous catheterization. Methods Eighty-eight healthy females aged 18–29 years were recruited for this quasi-experimental study. They underwent three types of heat applications (hot pack, moist hot towel, and dry hot towel [moist hot towel wrapped in a dry plastic bag], all of which were warmed to 40 ± 2 °C and performed for 7 min) to their forearm and tourniquet application for 30 s after each heating. Venous diameter and depth were measured using ultrasonography, and venous palpability and visibility (venous assessment score) was observed as venous dilatation effects. In addition, the skin temperature, stratum corneum hydration, and subjective evaluation of the warmth were measured. Results There were no significant differences in venous diameter and assessment scores after intervention between the dry hot towel and the hot pack groups, and the effect size was negligible (Cohen’s d < 0.20). However, these measurements were significantly lower for the moist hot towel than for the other two heat applications (P < .001). Although there was no significant difference in skin temperature and warmth rating score between the dry hot towel and the hot pack, these were significantly lower for the moist hot towel than for the other two heat applications (P < .001). The amount of change in stratum corneum hydration of the dry hot towel was not significantly different from that of the hot pack; however, that of the moist hot towel was significantly larger than that of the other two heat applications (P < . 001.) Conclusions A method in which a towel warmed in hot water is wrapped in a dry barrier may be an alternative to a hot pack. Trial registration This study was registered with University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan (Registration No.: UMIN000048308. Registered on July 7, 2022).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study

Yasuda,

Shishido,

Murayama

et al. 2023

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…Longduration local warming could be impractical in the busy ambulatory surgery ward; shorter-duration local warming could minimize health cost and clinicians' workload. Kiger et al 13 reported that 80% of health care workers apply local warming for no more than 5 minutes in the clinical setting. We used the heat pack for 5 minutes according to a previous study conducted by Yamagami et al, 5 which shows that 5 minutes of local warming is effective for venodilation to perform peripheral intravenous cannulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Local Warming on the Peripheral Vein Cross-Sectional Area in Children Under Sedation

Mei-li

Guo

Wang

et al. 2021

Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing

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Peripheral venous catheterization is challenging in small children. The local warming technique has been used to increase the peripheral vein cross-sectional area (CSA) and improve the success rate. However, there is limited evidence on the effect of local warming on venous CSA in children under sedation. Design: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Methods: Eligible children aged 1 to 4 years undergoing ambulatory surgery were enrolled. At the bedside in the ambulatory surgery center, they were routinely sedated with 1 mcg/kg of intranasal dexmedetomidine. Through a computer allocation program, children were randomized into either a control group or a local warming group. Cephalic vein and basilic vein at 1 cm proximal to cubital fossa were scanned with ultrasound to measure venous CSA. Children in the control group received no intervention; those in the local warming group had a prepared hot pack of~40 C applied to the target area on the arm for 5 minutes. A second ultrasound measurement was undertaken in both groups. Findings: A total of 35 from 40 children were analyzed. Cephalic vein CSA and basilic vein CSA increased significantly vs the first measurement within the local warming group (P < .05 for both) but not in the control group (P > .05 for both). Cephalic vein CSA was significantly different between groups at the second measurement (P < .05) but not at the first measurement (P > .05). Basilic vein CSA was significantly different between groups neither at the first measurement nor at the second measurement (P > .05 for both). The application of local warming resulted in an average of 34% increase (from 4.1 to 5.5 mm 2) in cephalic vein CSA and an average of 21% increase (from 4.8 to 5.8 mm 2) in basilic vein CSA. Conclusions: The application of local warming induced mild venodilation in cephalic vein with an increase in CSA by 34% and had little venodilation effect on the basilic vein with an increase in CSA by only 21%.

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“…Heating methods such as warm towels and heat packs are used by clinicians to facilitate cannulation and venepuncture. 12,13 The Infusion Nurses Society 14 recommend that use of dry heat to improve success of venepuncture. Kiger 13 in a survey of clinicians who inserted PIVCs, found that 38% of health care workers used heat for patients who described themselves as having previous history of difficult venous access.…”

Section: Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 The Infusion Nurses Society 14 recommend that use of dry heat to improve success of venepuncture. Kiger 13 in a survey of clinicians who inserted PIVCs, found that 38% of health care workers used heat for patients who described themselves as having previous history of difficult venous access. Previous research has demonstrated that localised heat improves rates of successful PIVC insertion 15 and improves the visibility and palpability of veins.…”

Section: Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of oral hydration and localised heat on peripheral vein diameter and depth: A randomised controlled trial

Sharp

Childs

Bulmer

et al. 2018

Applied Nursing Research

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Survey of Heat Use During Peripheral IV Insertion by Health Care Workers

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study

Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study

Effects of Local Warming on the Peripheral Vein Cross-Sectional Area in Children Under Sedation

The effect of oral hydration and localised heat on peripheral vein diameter and depth: A randomised controlled trial

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