Survey of ex situ fruit and leaf volatiles from several Pistacia cultivars grown in California

Abstract

This is the first ex situ survey of fruit and leaf volatile emissions from California-grown Pistacia species and a number of corresponding cultivars. The study provides an overview of the major and minor volatile emissions and also offers evidence of chemotypes based on monoterpenes. The results highlight the dissimilarity of major components detected between ex situ volatile collection and essential oil analysis.

Electrophysiological responses of male and female Amyelois transitella antennae to pistachio and almond host plant volatiles

“…Of the 105 available volatiles, 55 were associated with almond emissions, 29 with pistachio emissions, and 21 were associated with both orchards (Beck et al, 2008(Beck et al, , 2009(Beck et al, , 2011a(Beck et al, ,b, 2012aRoitman et al, 2011;Mahoney et al, 2014). The relatively low number of available pistachio volatiles for this study is not fully representative of pistachio volatile profiles, as pistachios in general emit a larger number of volatiles, typically terpenoids, than almonds (Beck et al, 2009(Beck et al, , 2014bRoitman et al, 2011). For purposes of analysis and discussion, the 105 volatiles were delineated into 12 broad structural classes of compounds ( Figure 1) -alkyl (4), short-chain alcohols (6), alcohols (5), spiroketals (2), aromatics (2), benzenoids (18), aldehydes (6), ketones (7), esters (10) with one further classified as an acid, lactones (3), monoterpenes (22), and sesquiterpenes (20).…”

“…For instance, as pistachio orchards emit primarily monoterpenes (Roitman et al, 2011;Beck et al, in press) and Figure 2 showed that several monoterpenes elicited large antennal responses from female navel orangeworm, a logical start for the formulation of candidate blends should include volatiles from this class of compounds. The data and discussions provided support the primary goal of this study, which was to report these data to advance the development of monitoring lures and other potential semiochemical-based control tactics for the navel orangeworm moth.…”

Volatile emissions from the flea beetle Altica litigata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) associated with invasive Ludwigia hexapetala

“…(E,E)-a-Farnesene was detected in moderate amounts. Terpenoid volatile profiles from vegetative sources have been shown to vary within a genus and even among cultivars (Roitman et al 2011). In addition, many terpenoids have demonstrated semiochemical behavior (El-Sayed 2011), thus the difference in volatile emission between the Ludwigia spp.…”

Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

“…Hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpens are the major chemical constituents in essential oil and among hydrocarbon monoterpens, α -pinene ( 1 ) has been reported as the main compound of some samples like P. vera [12, 14, 15], P. terebinthus [16–18], P. lentiscus [19–24], and P. atlantica [25–27]. In addition to α -pinene, other major components isolated from different parts of Pistacia species are as follows: limonene ( 2 ), α -terpinolene, and ocimene ( 3,4 ) from fruits and leaves of P. vera [28]; ( E )- β -Ocimene ( 5 ) and limonene in fruits [18, 28, 29]; ( E )- β -Ocimene and terpinen-4-ol ( 6 ) in leaves and p -cymen, ( 7 ) in young shoots of P. terebinthus [28–30]; bornyl acetate ( 8 ), terpinen-4-ol, sabinene ( 9 ), and myrcene ( 10 ) in fruits, terpinen-4-ol, myrcene, p -mentha-1 (7),8 diene ( 11 ), and ocimene from leaves [27, 28, 31], sabinene and p -mentha-1 (7),8 diene in leaf buds, and Δ 3 -carene ( 12 ) in unripe galls of P. atlantica [31, 32]. Monoterpens are also detected in mastic water which was separated from the mastic oil during steam distillation.…”