Survey of <i>Trichinella</i> in American minks (<i>Neovison vison</i> Schreber, 1777) and wild rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) in Chile

Espinoza-Rojas, Hellen; Lobos-Chávez, Felipe; Fuente, María Carolina Silva-de la; Echeverry, Diana; Muñoz‐Galaz, Javiera; Yáñez-Crisóstomo, Claudio; Oyarzún‐Ruiz, Pablo; Ortega, René; Sandoval, Daniel; Henríquez, AnaLía; Moreno, Lucila; Acosta‐Jamett, Gerardo; Landaeta‐Aqueveque, Carlos

doi:10.1111/zph.12845

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This method was successfully used to identify Trichinella spp. in autochthonous and exotic wild animals from Argentina [ 46 , 47 ] and Chile [ 48 , 49 , 50 ], even allowing the discovering of a novel species, Trichinella patagoniensis , in Argentinean cougars [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositive Wild Boars Suggesting the Occurrence of a Wild Cycle of Trichinella spp. in Brazil

Silva

Mendonça

Machado

et al. 2022

Animals

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Trichinella is a zoonotic nematode traditionally detected worldwide in both domestic and wild animals. In South America, along with the occurrence of this parasite in domestic pigs and wild boars, there are reports of infection in wild carnivores. Brazil is considered free of the domestic cycle of Trichinella, but there is unpublished serological evidence of infection in wild boars, which changed the Brazilian status in OIE regarding the disease after an official communication. We investigated Trichinella spp. infection in wild boars and wild carnivores in the Southeastern region of Brazil. A total of 136 samples were tested, 121 from wild boars and 15 from wild carnivores. Artificial enzymatic digestion (AED) tests were performed on muscle samples from 37 wild boars and 15 wild carnivores, and 115 serum samples from wild boars were tested by iELISA. Seven serum samples from wild boars tested positive (7/115 = 6.1%, 95% CI 3.0–12.0), but no larvae were found in the AED. There was no significant difference between sex, age, and location of the samples. The serological results suggest that a wild cycle of Trichinella spp. may occur in Brazil, but further analyses should be performed to confirm the presence of the parasite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositive Wild Boars Suggesting the Occurrence of a Wild Cycle of Trichinella spp. in Brazil

Silva

Mendonça

Machado

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…The Rattus rattus ( n = 159), R. norvegicus ( n = 30), and Mus musculus ( n = 91) included in this study were obtained from previous studies, which had other objectives ( 19 , 24 , 27 , 28 ); the trapping and euthanasia by an overdose of anesthesia of those rodents were described in those articles. In addition to ethic and/or legal authorizations provided for these articles, new samplings were approved by the Comité de Bioética of the Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (CBE-34-2019) of the Universidad de Concepción.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing research has explored parasites in reduced geographical areas ( 20 – 22 ), while another included invasive rodents in a host community-level study ( 19 ). Studies focused on zoonotic helminths in invasive rodents mostly focused on a single parasite species, Trichinella spiralis ( 23 , 24 ), even though many zoonotic helminths that were reported in rodents in Chile are parasites introduced with invasive rodents ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections in Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus musculus in Chile

Grandón-Ojeda

Moreno²,

Garcés-Tapia³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Few studies have assessed the patterns of parasite populations of rodents over a longitudinal gradient in Chile. In this work, the gastrointestinal helminthic fauna of invasive rodents in Chile was examined to assess the association between their presence/absence and abundance with latitude, host sex, and host body condition, and to assess the coexistence and correlation of the abundance between parasite species. Rodents were obtained from 20 localities between 33 and 43°S. Helminths were extracted from the gastrointestinal tract and identified morphologically. Overall, 13 helminth taxa were obtained. The most frequently identified parasite species was Heterakis spumosa, and the most abundant was Syphacia muris, while Physaloptera sp. was the most widely distributed. No locality presented with a coexistence that was different from that expected by chance, while the abundance of five helminthic species correlated with the abundance of another in at least one locality, most likely due to co-infection rather than interaction. Host sex was associated with parasite presence or abundance, and female sex-biased parasitism was notably observed in all cases. Body condition and latitude presented either a positive or negative association with the presence or abundance of parasites depending on the species. It is notable that the likely native Physaloptera sp. is widely distributed among invasive rodents. Further, gravid females were found, suggesting spillback of this species to the native fauna. The low frequency and abundance of highly zoonotic hymenolepid species suggest that rodents are of low concern regarding gastrointestinal zoonotic helminths.

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“…Two Trichinella species have been reported circulating in this continent, mainly in Argentina: T. spiralis Owen, 1835 and T. patagoniensis Krivokapich et al 2012 [7]. Conversely, T. spiralis is the sole species to be reported in Chile, and while studies on wild animals have increased recently [10][11][12][13][14][15], the domestic cycle was fairly well-studied in previous decades [8], but has been neglected in recent years. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze geographically the incidence of trichinellosis in Chile.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Feral or wild animals reported to be infected by Trichinella in Chile correspond to three cougars (Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771), seven minks, and five wild boars [10,11,[13][14][15], most of which were found in the two regions with the highest proportion of communes featuring high relative risks: Araucanía and Los Ríos. Thus, the evidence suggests that there is a small association between human cases and the presence of the parasite in feral animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temporal and geographic analysis of trichinellosis incidence in Chile with risk assessment

et al. 2021

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Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by several Trichinella species around the world. In Chile, the domestic cycle was fairly well-studied in previous decades, but has been neglected in recent years. The aims of this study were to analyze, geographically, the incidence of trichinellosis in Chile to assess the relative risk and to analyze the incidence rate fluctuation in the last decades. Using temporal data spanning 1964–2019, as well as geographical data from 2010 to 2019, the time series of cases was analyzed with ARIMA models to explore trends and periodicity. The Dickey-Fuller test was used to study trends, and the Portmanteau test was used to study white noise in the model residuals. The Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) model was used to create Bayesian maps of the level of risk relative to that expected by the overall population. The association of the relative risk with the number of farmed swine was assessed with Spearman’s correlation. The number of annual cases varied between 5 and 220 (mean: 65.13); the annual rate of reported cases varied between 0.03 and 1.9 cases per 105 inhabitants (mean: 0.53). The cases of trichinellosis in Chile showed a downward trend that has become more evident since the 1980s. No periodicities were detected via the autocorrelation function. Communes (the smallest geographical administrative subdivision) with high incidence rates and high relative risk were mostly observed in the Araucanía region. The relative risk of the commune was significantly associated with the number of farmed pigs and boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758). The results allowed us to state that trichinellosis is not a (re)emerging disease in Chile, but the severe economic poverty rate of the Mapuche Indigenous peoples and the high number of backyard and free-ranging pigs seem to be associated with the high risk of trichinellosis in the Araucanía region.

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Survey of Trichinella in American minks (Neovison vison Schreber, 1777) and wild rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) in Chile

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Seropositive Wild Boars Suggesting the Occurrence of a Wild Cycle of Trichinella spp. in Brazil

Seropositive Wild Boars Suggesting the Occurrence of a Wild Cycle of Trichinella spp. in Brazil

Patterns of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections in Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus musculus in Chile

Temporal and geographic analysis of trichinellosis incidence in Chile with risk assessment

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