Survey of infectious agents in the endangered Darwin's fox (Lycalopex fulvipes): High prevalence and diversity of hemotrophic mycoplasmas

Cabello, Javier; Altet, Laura; Napolitano, Constanza; Sastre, Natalia; Hidalgo, Ezequiel; Dávila, José A.; Millán, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.034

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, microscopic blood film evaluation is occasionally omitted in multiple published studies on the investigation of hemoplasma infections in domestic or wild animals (20,21,36). The reported prevalence of hemoplasma-infected animals in a variety of species ranges from 0.5 to 56.7% (13,18,20,34,37). In this study, the PCR screening using the HBT-F and HBT-R primers revealed that 62.1% of raccoons were hemoplasma infected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Hemoplasma concentrations in the blood of animals may also fluctuate during the course of a hemoplasma infection, and the low concentrations may not be detected by microscopy (35), especially in immunocompetent chronically hemoplasma-infected animals. Therefore, microscopic blood film evaluation is occasionally omitted in multiple published studies on the investigation of hemoplasma infections in domestic or wild animals (20,21,36). The reported prevalence of hemoplasma-infected animals in a variety of species ranges from 0.5 to 56.7% (13,18,20,34,37).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several hemoplasma species have been reported from wild carnivores, including Darwin's foxes (Lycalopex fulvipes), black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus), Namibian cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), Iriomote cats (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis), California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), Japanese badgers (Meles anakuma), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), and Asian mongooses (Herpestes javanicus) (18,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). However, mycoplasma (including hemoplasma) infections of raccoons (Procyon lotor) are poorly studied (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands

Volokhov

Hwang

Chizhikov

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are successful urban adapters and hosts to a number of zoonotic and nonzoonotic pathogens, yet little is known about their hemoplasma infections and how prevalence varies across habitat types. This study identifies hemotropic Mycoplasma species infection in raccoons from urban and undisturbed habitats and compares hemoplasma infection in sympatric urban cats (Felis catus) from the same geographic region. We collected blood from raccoons (n ϭ 95) on an urban coastal island (n ϭ 37) and an undisturbed coastal island (n ϭ 58) and from sympatric urban cats (n ϭ 39) in Georgia, USA. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplification, 62.1% (59/95) of raccoons and 17.9% (7/39) of feral cats were positive for hemoplasma. There was a greater percentage of hemoplasma-infected raccoons on the undisturbed island (79.3% [46/58]) than on the urban island (35.1% [13/37]; 2 ϭ 16.9, df ϭ 1, P ϭ 0.00004). Sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed six hemoplasma genotypes in raccoons, including five novel genotypes that were distinct from three known hemoplasma species identified in the sympatric cats. In addition, the hemoplasma genotypes detected in raccoons were not identified in sympatric cats or vice versa. Although all six hemoplasma genotypes were found in raccoons from urban and undisturbed islands, coinfection patterns differed between sites and among individuals, with the proportion of coinfected raccoons being greater in the undisturbed site. This study shows that raccoons are hosts for several novel hemoplasmas and that habitat type influences infection patterns.IMPORTANCE This study provides information about novel hemoplasmas identified in raccoons (Procyon lotor), which can be used for assessments of the prevalence of these hemoplasmas in raccoon populations and for future studies on the potential pathogenic impacts of these hemoplasmas on raccoon health. Raccoons from the undisturbed habitat had a higher prevalence of hemoplasma infection than urban raccoons. There does not appear to be cross-species transmission of hemotropic mycoplasmas between urban raccoons and feral cats. Raccoons appear to be hosts for several novel hemoplasmas, and habitat type influences infection patterns.KEYWORDS raccoons, Procyon lotor, feral cats, Felis catus, hemoplasmas, wildlife, 16S rRNA gene, phylogenetic analysis, hemoplasma U rbanization is a strong ecological driver that causes significant changes in the composition of wildlife communities and in various intra-and interspecies interactions (1). Ecological responses to urbanization can lead to changes in the dynamics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands

Volokhov

Hwang

Chizhikov

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…[7] was performed. All positive samples were characterized by one heminested and one nested PCRs, amplifying 492 bp and 1003 bp of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively, with an overlapping fragment of 175 bp to allow the sequence assembly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemotropic mycoplasmas or hemoplasmas are distributed worldwide, unculturable, cell wall-less bacteria that reside on the surface of erythrocytes of mammals [2]. Hemoplasma infection has been reported in a wide range of hosts, including humans [3][4][5], domestic animals [2,6], and wildlife [7,8]. Hemoplasmas can cause variable degrees of hemolytic anemia in infected hosts [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas in bats in Spain, including a hemoplasma closely related to “Candidatus Mycoplasma hemohominis”

Millán

López-Roig

Delicado

et al. 2015

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Molecular analyses of blood samples revealed infection with hemoplasmas in 97% of 31 cave bats captured in three caves in North-Eastern Spain. The characterization of 1250 bp of the 16S rRNA gene in 29 of the positive bats identified two different groups of sequences. Twenty-two Schreibers' bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) and one long-eared bat (Myotis capaccinii) shared one group, composed of seven closely related sequences. These sequences showed an identity of about 97% with "Candidatus Mycoplasma hemohominis" and the phylogenetic branch including bat and human sequences showed a 100% bootstrap value, supporting a close phylogenetic relationship between these hemoplasmas. The second group, representing a potentially novel species, was composed of a single sequence shared by six Schreibers' bats that had 91% identity with the recently reported hemoplasma from little brown bats in North America. Large bat aggregations in roosting caves probably benefits intra and inter-species transmission explaining the high observed prevalence.

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Pathogen Transmission and the Risk of Spillover for Wild Carnivores in the Neotropics

Acosta-Jamett,

Napolitano,

López-Pérez

et al. 2024

Ecology of Wildlife Diseases in the Neotropics

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Survey of infectious agents in the endangered Darwin's fox (Lycalopex fulvipes): High prevalence and diversity of hemotrophic mycoplasmas

Cited by 55 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands

Prevalence, Genotype Richness, and Coinfection Patterns of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Environmentally Protected and Urbanized Barrier Islands

Widespread infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas in bats in Spain, including a hemoplasma closely related to “Candidatus Mycoplasma hemohominis”

Pathogen Transmission and the Risk of Spillover for Wild Carnivores in the Neotropics

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