Survey of infectious agents involved in acute respiratory disease in finishing pigs

Loeffen, W.L.A.; Kamp, E. M.; Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert; Nieuwstadt, A. P. K. M. I. van; Bongers, J.H.; Hunneman, W. A.; Elbers, A.R.W.; Baars, J.; Nell, T.; Zijderveld, F.G. van

doi:10.1136/vr.145.5.123

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In 1996, antibodies against the H3 haemagglutinin were detected in several of our pig herds; they were found to be related to the human influenza epidemic caused by the strain A/Praha/625/95 (H3N2) isolated in December 1995 (Pospí‰il et al 1997). Generally, outbreaks of swine influenza in the Czech Republic have been less frequent than in West European countries (Loeffen et al 1999;Brown et al 1995;Gutierrez Martin et al 2000) where influenza viruses with the H3 and avian H1 haemagglutinins and a new H1N2 strain have been identified (Reeth et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Outbreak of Swine Influenza in the Czech Republic

Buchta¹,

Lány²,

Žižlavský³

et al. 2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Outbreak of Swine Influenza in the Czech Republic

Buchta¹,

Lány²,

Žižlavský³

et al. 2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…However farmers are very used to these kinds of respiratory outbreaks and both the fact that the data were collected by only one person and that only extreme situations were retained (≥ 2 respiratory outbreaks/year) may have contributed to a good precision of the result. We only took into account collective outbreaks [13] where more than 80% of the pigs within a batch were affected; thus confusion with other enzootic respiratory diseases was not possible. The outcome was thus defined upon clinical evaluation and the farm could be infected by several viral or bacterial agents responsible for this syndrome: Aujeszky's disease virus, Influenza viruses, Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus, PRRS virus or to a certain extent Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classic viral diseases of pigs (Aujeszky's disease, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome [PRRS], Influenza) can be complicated by bacterial agents (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae) leading to considerable losses on farms with poor rearing conditions. These infectious agents cause acute respiratory-disease outbreaks in fattening pigs [13] (association of anorexia, fever [40 o C to 41 o C] for at least 2 days, and paroxysmal cough [14]). This syndrome can remain subclinical on farms with a high standard of hygiene whereas an acute clinical outbreak is observed on farms with a heavy microbial load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of respiratory disease outbreaks in fattening pigs: Relation with the features of a densely and a sparsely populated pig area in France

Rose¹,

Madec²

2002

Vet. Res.

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-A survey was carried out in France in 1999 in a Densely Populated Pig Area (DPPA) and a Sparsely Populated Pig Area (SPPA) from which 80 and 55 pig farms were respectively investigated. The two areas were compared regarding the number of respiratory disease outbreaks in fattening pigs on each farm per year with a multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering. The two areas exhibited different typologies: in the DPPA, high density was associated with a high proportion of finishing-pig units resulting in much moving of piglets within the area. Farrow-to-finish farms located in the DPPA had many contacts with external vehicles; this was associated with more than two respiratory disease outbreaks per farm per year. There also was a lack of biosecurity measures implemented on these farms. Conversely, the good health situation of the farms located in the SPPA was associated with few external contacts and good biosecurity measures. In a second step, risk factors for the occurrence of more than 2 respiratory outbreaks per year were studied. Having more than 4 pig farms within a 2 km radius area, more than 30 incoming rendering trucks per year, and storage of the carcasses of dead animals within the farmyard perimeter increased the risk of occurrence of more than 2 respiratory disease outbreaks per year on the farm. This risk was also increased when there were more than 2 animal-transport lorries entering the farm per month and more than 1 veterinarian's or technician's vehicle coming in every 2 months. These results were discussed because of possible bias due to the retrospective design of the survey and the sampling scheme (randomisation within two areas). (33) 296 016 253; e-mail: n.rose@ploufragan.afssa.fr des élevages (nombre d'épisodes de type grippal en engraissement) au moyen d'une analyse factorielle des correspondances multiples suivie d'une classification ascendante hiérarchique. Les deux zones présentaient une typologie différente : en zone FD, la forte densité était associée à un nombre d'élevages plus important de type engraisseur, impliquant une circulation des porcelets plus importante. La forte fréquentation des élevages naisseur-engraisseurs situés dans cette zone par les véhicu-les extérieurs, peut être interprétée en tant que cause ou conséquence d'une situation sanitaire difficile (nombre de syndromes grippaux en engraissement > 2 par an), exacerbée par le manque de précau-tions sanitaires prises par ces mêmes élevages. En zone BD, la bonne situation sanitaire des élevages à l'égard de la pathologie cible, était associée à une faible fréquentation par les véhicules extérieurs et à la mise en place de mesures de biosécurité. Dans un second temps, les facteurs de risque de l'expression clinique de plus de 2 syndromes grippaux par an ont été recherchés. Le modèle de régression logistique a permis de mettre en évidence que la densité d

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“…However, this has proved problematic because disease resistance, especially towards a wide range of infections, is difficult to monitor as it is often not feasible, or even possible, to detect every pathogen that has significant impact within a herd. In particular, sub-clinical infections cannot always be detected on the basis of clinical signs or serology tests (Spurlock, 1997;Loeffen et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte subsets are heritable and genetically correlated with performance

Clapperton

Glass

Bishop

2008

Animal

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Indicator traits used to select pigs for increased resistance to infection or improved health must be heritable and, preferably, be associated with improved performance. We estimated the heritability of a range of immune traits and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with growth performance. We measured immune traits on 589 pigs and performance on 1941 pigs from six farms, three of which were classified as 'high health status' (i.e. specific pathogen-free) and three were of lower health status. All pigs were apparently healthy. Immune traits were total white blood cells (WBC), and peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte (PBML) subsets positive for CD4, CD8a, gamma delta (gd) T cell receptor, CD11R1 (natural killer cell marker), B cell and monocyte markers at the start and the end of standard growth performance tests. At both time points, all immune traits were moderately to highly heritable except for CD8a 1 cells. At end of test, heritability estimates (h 2 ) (6s.e.) were 0.18 (60.11) for total WBC count. For PBML subset proportions, the heritabilities were 0.52 (60.14) for gd TCR 1 cells, 0.62 (60.14) for CD4 1 cells, 0.44 (60.14) for CD11R1 1 cells, 0.58 (60.14) for B cells and 0.59 (60.14) for monocytes. Farm health status affected the heritabilities for WBC, being substantially higher on lower health status farms, but did not have consistent effects on heritabilities for the PBML subsets. There were significant negative genetic correlations between numbers and proportions of various PBML subsets and performance, at both start and end of test. In particular, the proportion of PBML cells that were CD11R1 1 cells, at end of test, was strongly correlated with daily gain (r g 5 20.72; P , 0.01). There were also weaker but significant negative phenotypic correlations between PBML subsets measured at end of test and performance, for gd 1 T cells, CD8a 1 , CD11R1 1 cells, B cells or monocytes. Phenotypic correlations with daily gain were generally lower at the start of test than at the end of test. These results show that most of the major pig PBML subsets are heritable, and that systemic levels of several of these PBML subsets are genetically negatively correlated with performance. This approach provides a basis for using immune trait markers when selecting boars that can produce higher-performing progeny.

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Survey of infectious agents involved in acute respiratory disease in finishing pigs

Abstract: Outbreaks of respiratory disease constitute a major health problem in herds of finishing pigs and their aetiology often remains unclear. In this study, 16

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

New Outbreak of Swine Influenza in the Czech Republic

New Outbreak of Swine Influenza in the Czech Republic

Occurrence of respiratory disease outbreaks in fattening pigs: Relation with the features of a densely and a sparsely populated pig area in France

Pig peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte subsets are heritable and genetically correlated with performance

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