Survey of Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance Among Salmonella Isolated from Animals in the United States

Abstract

Salmonella cultures were obtained from outbreaks of animal disease from 37 states and 1 territory. They were screened for resistance to 11 antimicrobial drugs. Of the 1,251 strains studied, 935 were resistant to one or more of these agents. The three most common resistance patterns were ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, sulfamethoxypyridazine, tetracycline; ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, sulfamethoxypyridazine; dihydrostreptomycin, sulfamethoxypyridazine, tetracycline. Resistance transfer was demonstrated on 267 multiply resistant cultures, of which 181 were able to transfer all or part of their resistance pattern to a drug-sensitive recipient. The occurrence of transferable drug resistance of the kind mediated by plasmids, called R factors, has been extensively documented since it was first demonstrated in Japan in 1959. These reports from abroad (2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12) and the United States (7-10, 15-17, 21) are primarily studies of the phenomenon in human beings and show that it is widespread. Less information is available about the incidence of this type of resistance in animal populations. Smith and Halls Per cent

Salmonella in horses: a source of contamination of horsemeat in a packing plant under federal inspection

“…It would be very valuable indeed to have data relating different serological types to different animal species. The serotype Typhimurium appears to be an important horse pathogen (8,10,11); however,-other serotypes have been shown in horses and have produced disease (8, 11). Ofthe 23 serotypes reported to have been isolated from horsemeat by Schothorst and Kampelmacher (14), our investigation revealed 9 of the same serotypes, with a striking similarity in the most frequently isolated serotypes.…”

Antimicrobial stewardship in equine practice

“…5 AMR in equine bacterial isolates, including MDR organisms and transfer between species, has been documented since the 1970s. [8][9][10][11][12] More recently, the ongoing significance and effects on health outcomes of this problem have been highlighted. [13][14][15] Although temporal changes in antimicrobial susceptibility, including the emergence of resistance to some agents, have been well characterised in a number of studies, [16][17][18] comparison of reported sensitivities from different locations demonstrates that there are important geographic differences between bacterial isolates from horses.…”

The macrosecuritization of antimicrobial resistance in Asia

“…By the 1960s, there was significant resistance to penicillin in humans (Lowy 2003) and cases emerging in the United Kingdom and the United States of antibiotic resistance in animals (Anderson 1968). More critically, cases had begun to be documented of resistant strains crossing over between animals and humans (Pocurull and Mercer 1971). Despite this emerging threat, the belief that new antibiotics could always be developed as alternates when resistance emerged coupled with the perceived economic benefits for domestic and international trade in livestock meant that this issue went unaddressed.…”