Survey of organic molten salt phases for gas chromatography

Poole, Colin F.; Butler, Hal T.; Coddens, Myra E.; Dhanesar, Subhash C.; Pacholec, F.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)95096-9

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the liquid state, it retained the compounds of intermediate polarity by a partitioning mechanism but compounds at either extreme of the polarity scale (e.g. n ‐alkanes and alcohols) were retained largely by interfacial adsorption 9. These preliminary studies provided a green light for the studies that followed but already raised several interesting questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Poole's group was largely responsible for the introduction and characterization of the first generation of ionic liquids (which they called liquid organic salts) suitable for gas chromatography and for the studies of their fundamental properties aimed at answering the above questions. These ionic liquids were mainly alkylammonium and alkylphosphonium salts with weak nucleophilic anions (Table 1), a number of which had liquid temperature ranges that exceeded 100°C (Table 2) 9–17. The liquid temperature range for an organic salt depends on its melting point or glass transition temperature at the low end and the decomposition temperature or volatility of the ionic liquid at the high end of the temperature scale.…”

Section: Packed Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further possibility is the destruction of the stationary phase by reaction with the injection solvent, solvent impurities, or matrix components. In early studies with tetra‐ n ‐alkylammonium tetrafluoroborate salts, it was noted that alcohols, phenols, and alkylamines were retained excessively and in some cases irreversibly 9, 10. Similar observations (including severe peak tailing) were made for compounds with hydrogen‐bonding functional groups on imidazolium‐based ionic liquids containing trifluoromethanesulfonate, hexafluorophosphate, and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions 46, 65, 66.…”

Section: Packed Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic liquid stationary phases for gas chromatography

Poole

2011

J of Separation Science

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212

108

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This article provides a summary of the development of ionic liquids as stationary phases for gas chromatography beginning with early work on packed columns that established details of the retention mechanism and established working methods to characterize selectivity differences compared with molecular stationary phases through the modern development of multi-centered cation and cross-linked ionic liquids for high-temperature applications in capillary gas chromatography. Since there are many reviews on ionic liquids dealing with all aspects of their chemical and physical properties, the emphasis in this article is placed on the role of gas chromatography played in the design of ionic liquids of low melting point, high thermal stability, high viscosity, and variable selectivity for separations. Ionic liquids provide unprecedented opportunities for extending the selectivity range and temperature-operating range of columns for gas chromatography, an area of separation science that has otherwise been almost stagnant for over a decade.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Packed Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Packed Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic liquid stationary phases for gas chromatography

Poole

2011

J of Separation Science

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212

108

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“…A wider variety of ILs including tetra-alkyl ammonium-chloride, -benzoate, and -tetrafluoroborate as well as 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride, ethylpyridinium bromide, and tri-n-butylbenzylphosphonium chloride were evaluated as coated stationary phases from 2 to 10% over a temperature range from ambient to about 2908C. Orientation and proton donor interactions were important for alcohols, halocarbons, substituted aromatics, and essential oils [25]. These previous studies were done using packed columns with [26].…”

Section: Ils As Standard-coated Gc Stationary Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of ionic liquids in analytical separations

Shamsi

Danielson

2007

J of Separation Science

179

103

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Ionic liquids (ILs), as separation media, have made significant contributions in the past decades in advancing research in gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). This review, covering reports published from the mid 1980s to early 2007, shows how ILs have been used so far in separation science, originally primarily as GC stationary phases and later as mobile phase additives (both millimolar and major percent levels) for LC and CE. Representative GC and LC chromatograms as well as CE electropherograms are shown. In addition, the very recent findings on the development of ionic liquids with surfactant properties and its applications for chiral and achiral analysis are discussed.

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“…Water vapor is not lost from the melt until temperatures well above the normal boiling point of water are reached. Poole, et al, used calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as stationary phase in packed GC column and separated hydrocarbons and some substituted benzene derivatives [64]. Berezkin, et al, have been used crystal hydrates maintained in dynamic equilibrium with water steam-conditioned carrier gas to separate polar solutes [65,66].…”

Section: Ionic Liquids As Gc Stationary Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical applications of ionic liquids and determination of cell viability using capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection

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2.1. Introduction 2.2. Experimental Section 2.3. Results and Discussio 2.4. Conclusions Acknowledgement References CHAPTER 3. IONIC LIQUIDS AS STATIONARY PHASE SOLVENTS FOR METHYLATED CYCLODEXTRINS IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY 39 Summary 39 3.1. Introduction 40 3.2. Experimental 41 3.3. Results and Discussion 42 References 54 V CHAPTER 4. IONIC LIQUIDS AS MATRICES FOR MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY 55 Abstract 55 4.1. Introduction 56 4.2. Experimental Section 57 4.3. Results and Discussion 63 4.4. Conclusions 70 Acknowledgement 72 References 73 PART TWO. DETERMINATION OF CELL VIABILITY USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS COUPLED WITH LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION CHAPTER 5. GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 76 5.1. Viability Assessment of Cells 78 5.2. Fluorescence Labeling 80 5.3. Detection Systems Coupled with Fluorescence Labeling Methods 84 5.4. Capillary Electrophoresis 87 References 93 CHAPTER 6. DETERMINATION OF CELL VIABILITY IN SINGLE OR MIXED SAMPLES USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS Abstract 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Experimental 6.3. Results and Discussion References CHAPTER 7. ELECTROPHORETIC BEHAVIOR AND POTENCY ASSESSMENT OF BOAR SPERM USING A CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS-LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE (CE-LIF) SYSTEM vi Abstract 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Experimental Section 7.3. Results and Discussion 7.4. Conclusions Acknowledgement References CHAPTER 8. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Pursuing a Ph D degree is a long journey for me both physically and spiritually. Now when I look back my pathway, my heart is full of thanks and appreciations. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Professor Daniel W. Armstrong, for his guidance, inspiration, encouragement, and patience during the past five years. Without him, I may not experience and enjoy the fantastic things about scientific research.

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Survey of organic molten salt phases for gas chromatography

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Ionic liquid stationary phases for gas chromatography

Ionic liquid stationary phases for gas chromatography

Utility of ionic liquids in analytical separations

Analytical applications of ionic liquids and determination of cell viability using capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection

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