Survey of Pathogen-Lowering and Immuno-Modulatory Effects Upon Treatment of Campylobacter coli-Infected Secondary Abiotic IL-10−/− Mice with the Probiotic Formulation Aviguard®

Abstract

The prevalence of infections with the zoonotic enteritis pathogen Campylobacter coli is increasing. Probiotic formulations constitute promising antibiotic-independent approaches to reduce intestinal pathogen loads and modulate pathogen-induced immune responses in the infected human host, resulting in acute campylobacteriosis and post-infectious sequelae. Here, we address potential antipathogenic and immuno-modulatory effects of the commercial product Aviguard® during experimental campylobacteriosis. Secondary abiotic IL-10-/- mice were infected with a C. coli patient isolate on days 0 and 1, followed by oral Aviguard® treatment on days 2, 3 and 4. Until day 6 post-infection, Aviguard® treatment could lower the pathogen burdens within the proximal but not the distal intestinal tract. In contrast, the probiotic bacteria had sufficiently established in the intestines with lower fecal loads of obligate anaerobic species in C. coli-infected as compared to uninfected mice following Aviguard® treatment. Aviguard® application did not result in alleviated clinical signs, histopathological or apoptotic changes in the colon of infected IL-10-/- mice, whereas, however, Aviguard® treatment could dampen pathogen-induced innate and adaptive immune responses in the colon, accompanied by less distinct intestinal proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In conclusion, Aviguard® constitutes a promising probiotic compound to alleviate enteropathogen-induced proinflammatory immune responses during human campylobacteriosis.

Menthol Pretreatment Alleviates Campylobacter jejuni-Induced Enterocolitis in Human Gut Microbiota-Associated IL-10−/− Mice

“…In a nutshell, the Quant-iT PicoGreen reagent (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) was used to quantify the DNA content, which was then adjusted to 1 ng of DNA per µL. Using species-, genera-, or group-specific 16S rRNA gene primers (Tib MolBiol, Berlin, Germany), the most prominent bacterial groups that were abundant in the intestinal microbiota of the hma mice were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), as previously described [ 40 ].…”

Metabolomic signatures of intestinal colonization resistance against Campylobacter jejuni in mice

“…Cultural analysis, biochemical identification, and molecular detection of luminal bacterial communities from stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon were performed as previously described ( Weschka et al, 2021 ; Shayya et al, 2023 ). In brief, DNA extracts and plasmids were quantified using Quat-iT PicoGreen reagent (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) and adjusted to a concentration of 1 ng per μL.…”

Triple Therapy with Metformin, Ketogenic Diet, and Metronomic Cyclophosphamide Reduced Tumor Growth in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma Xenografts

“…The total DNA was measured using Quant-iT PicoGreen reagent (Thermo Fisher, Eugene, OR, USA) and adjusted to 1 ng/µL. Specific 16S rRNA primers (Tib MolBiol, Berlin, Germany) were used to identify different species, genera, or groups of bacteria via qPCR [ 32 , 33 ]. The overall gene copy numbers per ng of DNA were calculated.…”