Survey of PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs in UK sewage sludges

Stevens, Joanna L.; Green, Nicholas J. L.; Jones, Kevin C.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00474-4

Cited by 64 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In fact, several PCB congeners are resistant to degradation, which allows them to persist in the environment for long times and become widespread via atmospheric and water transport mechanisms (Meneses et al, 2002;Stevens et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of montmorillonite clay in alginate gel beads for polychlorinated biphenyl adsorption: Isothermal and kinetic studies

Barreca

Orecchio

Pace

2014

Applied Clay Science

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Beads of alginate montmorillonite have been used as sorbent for polychlorinated biphenyls from aqueous solutions. The structure and the differences between the different beads were established by IR spectroscopy (FT-IR). The adsorption at 25°C has been studied in a batch system, following its kinetics and assessing adsorbent dose, initial PCB concentrations, and pH effects. The results show that increasing the initial concentration of the PCBs and the adsorption time favored the adsorption. Adsorption isotherm data were modeled using Chapman, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms and the appropriate parameters were calculated. Adsorption of trichlorobiphenyls on alginate-montmorillonite beads followed a Freundlich isotherm type model, while adsorption of tetra-, penta-, and hexachlorobiphenyls displayed a sigmoid-shaped (S-type) isotherm fitting the Chapman sigmoidal equation with the highest non-linear R 2 values among the three tested models. By comparing the percentage adsorptions using the same number of beads (same volumes), best removals were obtained by using alginate montmorillonite beads. Kinetic models were investigated to determine the mechanism of adsorption showing a best fit for the pseudosecond order model (R 2 from 0.998 to 0.982). Moreover, to underline the effect of montmorillonite in alginate gel beads, we have compared the isothermal adsorption curves between alginate montmorillonite and alginate beads.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of montmorillonite clay in alginate gel beads for polychlorinated biphenyl adsorption: Isothermal and kinetic studies

Barreca

Orecchio

Pace

2014

Applied Clay Science

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“…Nevertheless, limited attention is given to the possible incorporation of dioxins into the food chain through the use of agricultural fertilizers. At the same time, some organic fertilizers like sludge or compost are known to contain dioxins while the presence of dioxins in other fertilizers is little documented and cannot be excluded (Brändli et al, 2007;Kupper et al, 2007;Martinez et al, 2007;Van Gestel et al, 2007;Brandling et al, 2005;Zennegg et al, 2005;Fuentes et al, 2007;Brändli et al, 2004;Eljarrat et al, 2003;Groeneveld and Hébert, 2002;Stevens and Jones, 2002;Stevens et al, 2001;Eljarrat et al, 1999;Paulsrud et al, 1999;Rogowski et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of fertilization practices on human dietary intake of dioxins in Belgium

Dumortier

Elskens

Focant

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

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Dioxins can enter the food chain at any stage, including crop fertilization. Therefore, we developed a simple method for estimating the introduction of dioxins in the food chain according to various fertilization practices. Using dioxin's contamination data taken from the literature, we estimated that fertilization accounts for approximately 20% of the dioxin inputs on agricultural soils at country scale. For the estimations at the field scale, 6 fertilization scenarios were considered: sludge, compost, digestate, manure, mineral fertilizers, and a common fertilization scenario that corresponds to an average situation in Belgium and combines mineral and organic fertilizers. According to our first estimations, mineral fertilizers, common fertilization practices or manure bring less than 1 ng TEQ/m² while atmospheric deposition or digestate bring between 1 and 3 ng TEQ/m² and sludge or compost bring more than 3 ng TEQ/m². The use of solid fertilizers could potentially increase the dioxin levels in the 30 cm agricultural soil layer by 0 to~1.5% per year (up to~9% for the 5 cm thick surface layer). For animals, the increase in dioxin ingestion linked to the fertilization practices is lower than 1% for most scenarios with the exception of the compost scenario. Increases in human dietary intake of dioxin are estimated to be lower than 1% for conventional rearing methods (i.e. grazing animals are reared outdoor while pigs and poultry are reared indoor). Spraying liquid fertilizers on meadows and fodder crops, even if very limited in practice, deserves much more attention because this application method could theoretically lead to higher dioxin's intake by livestock (from 6 to~300%). Considering an average half-life of dioxins in soils of 13 years, it appears that the risks of accumulation in soils and in the food chain are negligible for the various fertilization scenarios.

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“…However, the detected results had no significant correlation (P > 0.05) with the sewage treatment processes. In comparison with the Ah-R activities reported in sludge, or sediments and soils around Beijing city (Table 4), the TEQ levels (1390-6740 pg TCDD$g -1 , dw) of sewage sludge in Beijing were close to those of sewage sludge in Australia (1200-15300 pg TCDD$g -1 , dw) and Daguhe River sediments in Tianjin (1200-13900 pg TCDD$g -1 , dw), respectively [28,29,[38][39][40][41]. As the Ah-R activities of Wenyuhe River sediments (10-340 pg TCDD$g -1 , dw) [29], one of the urban drainages in Beijing, were much lower than those of the urban sewage sludge in Beijing, it could be supposed that dioxin-like pollutants were inclined to be accumulated in the sewage sludge and diluted by the drainage water.…”

Section: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activitymentioning

confidence: 51%

“…It was also found that the TEQ level of sewage sludge composted (S9) was much lower than that of the original sewage sludge (S8). Table 4 Comparison of Ah-R agonistic activities in sludge, or sediments (soils) around Beijing city [28,29,[38][39][40][41] sampling sites Ah-R agonistic activity (TEQ, pg TCDD$g sewage sludge (UK) [38] 20-220 sewage sludge (Australia) [39] 1200-15300 sewage sludge in Catalonia (Spain) [40] 10-30 soils from reclaimed water irrigated plots (Tunisia) [28] 26600-67900 sediments of Wenyuhe River in Beijing (China) [29] 10-340 sediments of Daguhe River (China) [41] 1200-13900 sewage sludge in Beijing (current study) 1390-6740…”

Section: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of endocrine disruption and dioxin-like effects of organic extracts from sewage sludge in autumn in Beijing, China

Cao

et al. 2013

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Study on effective disposal and utilization of sewage sludge has recently been the target of growing interest in China. However, potential risks are associated with the use of sludge due to its contamination with toxic organics, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a screening assessment was conducted on sewage sludge samples collected from 17 different sewage treatment plants in Beijing, based on a batch of in vitro bioassays, including a set of recombinant gene yeast assays for endocrine disruption, and an ethoxy resorufin-Odeethylase (EROD) assay using H4IIE cells for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ah-R) agonistic activities. Our results suggested that moderate levels of estrogen receptor agonistic activities (0.9 ng E2$g -1 to 6.8 ng E2$g -1 , dw), but relative higher androgen receptor antagonistic activities (nd to 45%), progestin receptor antagonistic activities (nd to 80%) and Ah-R agonistic activities (1390 to 6740 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)$g -1 , dw) were found in sewage sludge samples. However, there were no significant correlations between the toxic effects of sewage sludge and the sewage treatment processes. In addition, the 17β-estradiol (E2) equivalent quantity (EEQ) level of the sewage sludge was increased after the composting treatment, whereas the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) level of sewage sludge composted was much lower than that of sewage sludge.

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Survey of PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs in UK sewage sludges

Cited by 64 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of montmorillonite clay in alginate gel beads for polychlorinated biphenyl adsorption: Isothermal and kinetic studies

The effect of montmorillonite clay in alginate gel beads for polychlorinated biphenyl adsorption: Isothermal and kinetic studies

Potential impact of fertilization practices on human dietary intake of dioxins in Belgium

Evaluation of endocrine disruption and dioxin-like effects of organic extracts from sewage sludge in autumn in Beijing, China

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