Survey of Relationships Between Rainfall Rate and Radar Reflectivity in the Measurement of Precipitation

Stout, Glenn E.; Mueller, Eugene A.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1968)007<0465:sorbrr>2.0.co;2

Cited by 90 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A pioneering study on the DSD was conducted at Bogor, west Jawa, Indonesia, by using a raindrop camera [12]. The number of study particularly at Kototabang, west Sumatra increases after Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) facilities were completed in this area [1,9,[13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Micro Rain Radar Over Sumatra Through Comparison With Disdrometer and Wind Profiler

Marzuki¹,

Hashiguchi²,

Shimomai³

et al. 2016

PIER M

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Abstract-Micro Rain Radar (MRR) is a vertical pointing microwave profiler to measure hydrometeors and related parameters in high resolution. However, it is known that the MRR suffers from certain limitations due to several factors. This paper evaluates the performance of the MRR installed at Kototabang, west Sumatra, Indonesia (0.20 • S, 100.32 • E, 864 m above sea level). The DSD and rainfall rate from the MRR standard processing method had been evaluated by using collocated measurements of MRR, Parsivel disdrometer and Optical Rain Gauge (ORG) during 2014. Furthermore, 1.3 GHz wind profiler (BLR) observation was used to examine the vertical profiles of radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity. It was found that there were noticeable differences between the MRR and Parsivel in the small and large size ends of the DSD. At small sized drop (< 1 mm), the DSD spectra of MRR was higher than that obtained by the Parsivel otherwise it was smaller for large sized drop (> 2 mm). Underestimation of large sized drops in the MRR could be responsible for the underestimation of surface rainfall rate and daily rainfall. The source of differences in the DSD seems the measurement shortcomings such as attenuation correction and vertical wind effects, particularly during heavy rain. The shortcomings were observed from the comparison of mean Doppler velocity profiles between the MRR and the BLR. While the melting layer height of the two instruments was the same, the mean Doppler velocities of MRR shown downward increasing (DI) pattern through all rainfall intensities. On the other hand, for the BLR, the DI was only observed for heavy rain (> 10 mm/h), while downward decreasing was observed for light rain (< 5 mm/h). Similar pattern was also observed for the vertical profile of radar reflectivity. Thus, some corrections are needed for heavy rain, nevertheless, the MRR installed at Kototabang can be utilized for light rain. Comparisons indicated that the mean Doppler velocity and the DSD for the light rain as well as Z-R relation were in reasonable agreement with the reference of BLR, Parsivel and previous studies using the MRR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Micro Rain Radar Over Sumatra Through Comparison With Disdrometer and Wind Profiler

Marzuki¹,

Hashiguchi²,

Shimomai³

et al. 2016

PIER M

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“…Although the regional variability of Indonesian precipitation is well documented, study on the DSD is still limited. In a pioneering study, Stout and Mueller (1968) reported Z-R relationship from the DSD obtained by a raindrop camera that was operated at Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Since that time, a number of investigators have studied the DSD of Indonesian precipitation particularly at Kototabang (KT), West Sumatra (e.g., Kozu et al, 2005Kozu et al, , 2006Renggono et al, 2006;Marzuki et al, 2009Marzuki et al, , 2010aMarzuki et al, , 2013a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variability of raindrop size distribution over Indonesia

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Regional variability of raindrop size distribution (DSD) along the Equator was investigated through a network of Parsivel disdrometers in Indonesia. The disdrometers were installed at Kototabang (KT; 100.32 • E, 0.20 • S), Pontianak (PT; 109.37 • E, 0.00 • S), Manado (MN; 124.92 • E, 1.55 • N) and Biak (BK; 136.10 • E, 1.18 • S). It was found that the DSD at PT has more large drops than at the other three sites. The DSDs at the four sites are influenced by both oceanic and continental systems, and majority of the data matched the maritime-like DSD that was reported in a previous study. Continental-like DSDs were somewhat dominant at PT and KT. Regional variability of DSD is closely related to the variability of topography, mesoscale convective system propagation and horizontal scale of landmass. Different DSDs at different sites led to different Z-R relationships in which the radar reflectivity at PT was much larger than at other sites, at the same rainfall rate.

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“…These coefficients are independent of the rainfall itself. However, the Z-R relationship can be expressed in linear Z-R relationship for equilibrium rainfall condition as steady tropical rain [19] [20] presented that the Z-R relationship should be used differently according to precipitation types to reduce the uncertainty of rainfall estimation. [1] suggested that different parts of a storm have significantly different relationships.…”

Section: Reflectivity-rainfall Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar Rainfall Estimation of a Severe Thunderstorm over Jeddah

Albar¹,

Alkhalaf²,

Mohamed³

2015

ACS

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, is generally used to assess the rainfall depth. In this study, the rainfall events during August-September 2007 were analyzed to develop a Z-R relationship using the Spatial Probability Technique (SPT). This technique is based on a basic GIS function and the probability matching method. Using this technique, the Z-R pairs can be analyzed for both linear and empirical power relationships. It is found that the empirical power function is more appropriate to describe Z-R relationship than a linear function for the studied area. The method is applied with some success to the flooding event of November 25, 2009. However, the investigation of the Z-R relationship is only one step in the development of a warning system; further study of other parameters relevant to rainfall and flash flood occurrence is needed.

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Survey of Relationships Between Rainfall Rate and Radar Reflectivity in the Measurement of Precipitation

Cited by 90 publications

References 5 publications

Performance Evaluation of Micro Rain Radar Over Sumatra Through Comparison With Disdrometer and Wind Profiler

Performance Evaluation of Micro Rain Radar Over Sumatra Through Comparison With Disdrometer and Wind Profiler

Regional variability of raindrop size distribution over Indonesia

Radar Rainfall Estimation of a Severe Thunderstorm over Jeddah

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