Survey of residual solvents in natural food additives by standard addition head-space GC

Uematsu, Yoko; Hirata, Keiko; Suzuki, Kumi; Iida, Kenji; Kamata, Ken

doi:10.1080/02652030110088301

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The lowest feasible concentration of the standard solution was 10 mg/mL, and 5 mg/g of these solvents in a sample (0.25 mL of 10 mg/mL standard solutions for 0.5 g of sample) was assumed to be the lowest for quantification. This is one-tenth of that obtained by the previously reported injection method 5) . The repeatability of this method was expressed in terms of by the standard deviations for five rounds of analysis of methanol and ethanol in licorice extracts, both with water-soluble and water-insoluble samples.…”

Section: Calibration Curves and Repeatabilitysupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Injection time (volume) and initial GC column oven temperature In order to obtain a su$cient GC peak area for a low concentration of methanol in the vapor phase of the vial, created at a low (50῎) temperature, the head-space vapor was injected for 0.75 min into the GC column, 10 to 20 times longer than previously reported 5) . GC peak areas increased with the increase of injection time.…”

Section: Solvents For Dissolving Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Low Levels of Methanol and Ethanol in Licorice Extract by Large Volume Injection Head-space GC.

Uematsu

Suzuki²,

Iida³

et al. 2002

Journal of the Food Hygienics Society of Japan

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A large volume injection head-space GC method was established for measuring low levels of residual methanol and ethanol in licorice extract used as a food additive. A vial was kept at 50ῌ in the oven of the head-space sampler. Injection of the head-space gas for 0.75 min into a Poraplot Q GC column with a initial oven temperature of 35ῌ, enabled the determination of low levels (5 mg/g) of methanol and ethanol. The standard deviations for five rounds of analysis of methanol and ethanol in licorice extracts were between 0.82 and 2.97. Methanol was found in 6 samples out of 9 collected in 1999, at concentrations exceeding 50 mg/g, the limit set by the Japanese Government, established in 1999 and coming into force on April 1, 2000. The highest concentration reached 10,000 mg/g. Methanol at a concentration exceeding 50 mg/g was found in 2 out of 9 samples collected in 2000. The highest concentration was 270 mg/g.

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Section: Calibration Curves and Repeatabilitysupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Solvents For Dissolving Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Low Levels of Methanol and Ethanol in Licorice Extract by Large Volume Injection Head-space GC.

Uematsu

Suzuki²,

Iida³

et al. 2002

Journal of the Food Hygienics Society of Japan

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“…Nevertheless, depending on microorganism, scale, economics, and lipid application the method spectrum is narrowed to a few. Consequently, microbial lipids applied in food industry cannot be extracted with toxic solvents or should in the best case avoid any solvents to prevent solvent residues in food or contaminations with heavy metals (Uematsu et al, 2002 ; Sahena et al, 2009 ). Also, some methods may be highly suitable for analytical purposes but may not be applicable in industrial large scale operations due to high costs or simply a non-scalable extraction set-up.…”

Section: Downstream Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production Strategies and Applications of Microbial Single Cell Oils

et al. 2016

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the ω-3 and ω-6 class (e.g., α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid) are essential for maintaining biofunctions in mammalians like humans. Due to the fact that humans cannot synthesize these essential fatty acids, they must be taken up from different food sources. Classical sources for these fatty acids are porcine liver and fish oil. However, microbial lipids or single cell oils, produced by oleaginous microorganisms such as algae, fungi and bacteria, are a promising source as well. These single cell oils can be used for many valuable chemicals with applications not only for nutrition but also for fuels and are therefore an ideal basis for a bio-based economy. A crucial point for the establishment of microbial lipids utilization is the cost-effective production and purification of fuels or products of higher value. The fermentative production can be realized by submerged (SmF) or solid state fermentation (SSF). The yield and the composition of the obtained microbial lipids depend on the type of fermentation and the particular conditions (e.g., medium, pH-value, temperature, aeration, nitrogen source). From an economical point of view, waste or by-product streams can be used as cheap and renewable carbon and nitrogen sources. In general, downstream processing costs are one of the major obstacles to be solved for full economic efficiency of microbial lipids. For the extraction of lipids from microbial biomass cell disruption is most important, because efficiency of cell disruption directly influences subsequent downstream operations and overall extraction efficiencies. A multitude of cell disruption and lipid extraction methods are available, conventional as well as newly emerging methods, which will be described and discussed in terms of large scale applicability, their potential in a modern biorefinery and their influence on product quality. Furthermore, an overview is given about applications of microbial lipids or derived fatty acids with emphasis on food applications.

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“…); the column oven temperature program and injection temperature were the same as described in section 5. Head-space GC was conducted as reported 4) , or (b) with a 25 mῌ0.25 mm i.d. column (PoraBond Q, film thickness 3 mm, Varian Chrompack International D.V.…”

Section: Gc/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Residue Levels of Organic Solvents in "Existing Food Additives" and Health Food Materials by Head-space GC

Uematsu¹,

Ogimoto²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2008

J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn

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Survey of residual solvents in natural food additives by standard addition head-space GC

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Determination of Low Levels of Methanol and Ethanol in Licorice Extract by Large Volume Injection Head-space GC.

Determination of Low Levels of Methanol and Ethanol in Licorice Extract by Large Volume Injection Head-space GC.

Production Strategies and Applications of Microbial Single Cell Oils

Survey of Residue Levels of Organic Solvents in "Existing Food Additives" and Health Food Materials by Head-space GC

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