Survey of Security Protocols and Vulnerabilities in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Shafique, Arslan; Mehmood, Abid; Elhadef, Mourad

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3066778

Cited by 67 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…The benefits and drawbacks of security countermeasures against possible attacks in critical UAV-based applications (e.g., military and disaster scenarios) were highlighted in [18], and the role of Blockchain, ML, and watermarking was emphasized. An exhaustive literature review on the existing security protocols for UAVs together with the vulnerabilities of these protocols was provided in [19]. In this respect, several crucial topics were investigated, such as secure UAV-based communications, intrusion detection systems, the security of routing protocols, attacks on control systems, the detection of malicious UAVs, etc.…”

Section: Previous Review Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Software-Based and Hardware-Based Authentication Mechanisms for the Internet of Drones

Michailidis

Vouyioukas

2022

Drones

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During the last few years, a wide variety of Internet of Drones (IoD) applications have emerged with numerous heterogeneous aerial and ground network elements interconnected and equipped with advanced sensors, computation resources, and communication units. The evolution of IoD networks presupposes the mitigation of several security and privacy threats. Thus, robust authentication protocols should be implemented in order to attain secure operation within the IoD. However, owing to the inherent features of the IoD and the limitations of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in terms of energy, computational, and memory resources, designing efficient and lightweight authentication solutions is a non-trivial and complicated process. Recently, the development of authentication mechanisms for the IoD has received unprecedented attention. In this paper, up-to-date research studies on authentication mechanisms for IoD networks are presented. To this end, the adoption of conventional technologies and methods, such as the widely used hash functions, Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), and Elliptic-Curve Cryptography (ECC), is discussed along with emerging technologies, including Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Machine Learning (ML), and Blockchain. Additionally, this paper provides a review of effective hardware-based solutions for the identification and authentication of network nodes within the IoD that are based on Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs), Hardware Security Modules (HSMs), and Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs). Finally, future directions in these relevant research topics are given, stimulating further work.

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Section: Previous Review Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Software-Based and Hardware-Based Authentication Mechanisms for the Internet of Drones

Michailidis

Vouyioukas

2022

Drones

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“…UAVs uses various communication protocols to accomplish the triumphant flight of a drone. Dif-FIGURE 2: Various techniques to secure UAV communication [9] [8] ages data security, transparency, and trust [9]. It keeps various copies of the same data on each node present in the network and its consensus protocols ensure data integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Cryptography-as-a-Service for Secure UAV Communication: Applications, Challenges, and Case Study

et al. 2022

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The sudden demand rises in security made researchers come up with solutions that provide instantaneous safety better than the state of the art solutions. The quest for securing data began in the Spartan era. People are now looking to expand this field of research by attacking the existing paradigms and inventing new algorithms that prove to be better than their vulnerable counterparts. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are very much prevailing due to their sleek design and flexible mobility in many sectors such as agriculture, army, healthcare, monitoring and surveillance, and many more. We discuss the growth and demand of drone technology along with its importance in this article. The paper also throws some light on the ongoing security issues in real-time scenarios and the role of quantum cryptography in securing the information over the traditional solutions. Motivated by this, we present a survey on quantum cryptography's importance, role, and benefits in securing UAV communications underlying beyond 5G networks. A novel quantum cryptography-based layered architectural solution is also proposed to achieve high data security and efficient transmission. This paper also present a case study on the battlefield application on the Internet of military things. The performance of the proposed case study system is evaluated by considering the latency, security, and reliability.INDEX TERMS Unmanned aerial vehicle, quantum computing, quantum cryptography, military, blockchain.

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“…With the sudden outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in 2020, UAVs actively responded to the call and played a huge role [ 3 ], and the development and planning of the UAV industry also has ushered in new opportunities and challenges [ 4 ]. According to [ 5 ] statistics, it is estimated that by 2025, the global UAV market will reach 42.8 billion U.S. dollars, and it is estimated that by 2030, the global UAV market will reach 150 billion U.S. dollars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATS-LIA: A lightweight mutual authentication based on adaptive trust strategy in flying ad-hoc networks

Zhou

et al. 2022

Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl.

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With the rapid development of wireless communication and edge computing, UAV-assisted networking technology has great significance in many application scenarios such as traffic forecasting, emergency rescue, military reconnaissance. However, due to dynamic topology changes of Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET), frequent identity authentication is easy to cause the instability of communications between UAV nodes, which makes FANET face serious identity security threats. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend to build a secure and reliable FANET. In this paper, we propose a lightweight mutual identity authentication scheme based on adaptive trust strategy for Flying Ad-hoc Networks (ATS-LIA), which selects the UAV with the highest trust value from the UAV swarm to authenticate with the ground control station (GCS). While ensuring the communication security, we reduce the energy consumption of UAV to the greatest extent, and reduce the frequent identity authentication between UAV and GCS. Through the security game verification under the random oracle model, it is proved that the proposed method can effectively resist some attacks, effectively reduce the computational overhead, and ensure the communication security of FANET. The results show that compared with the existing schemes, the proposed ATS-LIA scheme has lower computational overhead.

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Survey of Security Protocols and Vulnerabilities in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Cited by 67 publications

References 114 publications

A Review on Software-Based and Hardware-Based Authentication Mechanisms for the Internet of Drones

A Review on Software-Based and Hardware-Based Authentication Mechanisms for the Internet of Drones

Quantum Cryptography-as-a-Service for Secure UAV Communication: Applications, Challenges, and Case Study

ATS-LIA: A lightweight mutual authentication based on adaptive trust strategy in flying ad-hoc networks

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