Survey of the mycoflora and mycotoxins of cotton seeds and cotton seed products in Egypt

Abstract

Thirty-nine species and 16 fungal genera were isolated from Egyptian cotton seeds, cotton seed meal and cotton seed cake on 1% glucose-Czapek's agar medium incubated at 28 degrees C. Aspergillus was the most frequent genus and it emerged in 87-100% of the samples contributing 70-98% of total fungi in the three substrates tested. The most common species were A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus and Rhizopus stolonifer; A. niger, A. fumigatus and Penicillium corylophilum; and A. niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. nidulans and Rhizopus stolonifer, respectively. Cotton seeds and cotton seed products were naturally contaminated by aflatoxin B1 and B2. About 16% of the different substrates tested were positive for aflatoxin contamination. No citrinin, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin or zearalenone were detected in the samples assayed.

Survey of mycoflora and mycotoxins of some dried fruits in Egypt

“…cnndida and S. koningii) were isolated also with low total counts from three substrates only as shown in Table 1. All of these fungi were isolated previously from various types of seeds, grains, fruits and vegetables in many part of the world as reported by several researchers (TANAKA and MILLER 1963a, DOORES 1983, EL-KADY et al 1982, EL-MARAGHY 1989, MAZEN et al 1990 and others). The remaining genera and species were isolated from one or two substrates with rare frequency of occurrence and listed in Table 1.…”

“…and Penicillium spp. ; and (c) advanced decay fungi, such as Fusarium and Chaetomium, which grow after considerable deterioration has occured.Although the natural occurrence of mycotoxins and fungal contamination of many agricultural commodities in Egypt were intensively studied in this laboratory (EL-KADY et al 1982, EL-MARAGHY and EL-MAGRABY 1986, EL-MARAGHY 1989, MAZEN et al 1990 and many others) none of these studies concentrated on the mycoflora or mycotoxin of dried fruits. Therefore, this work was mainly planned to determine the mycoflora and mycotoxins of some samples of dried apricot, fig, plum and raisin.…”

Aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin levels in stored cassava chips as affected by processing practices

“…aflatoxin formation in other food commodities such as maize (Christensen & Meronuck, 1986;Lillehoj, Fennel, & Hesseltine, 1976), but are in the same range with those connected with aflatoxin occurrence in peanuts, copra and cotton seeds (Christensen & Meronuck, 1986;Mazen, El-Kadey, & Saber, 1990). In this study, the stepwise regression analysis (forward selection method) was applied to derive possible factors that could account for the differential levels of aflatoxins observed in the samples examined.…”

Worldwide Mycotoxins Exposure in Pig and Poultry Feed Formulations

“…Date of harvest, the length of time before ginning, and the storage conditions have a marked impact on the level of aflatoxin in cottonseed [139,140,141]. In Egypt, levels of up to 200 µg aflatoxins/kg of cottonseed cakes have been reported, whereas no ochratoxin A or zearalenone were detected [142]. Similar results, but with lower levels of aflatoxin, were found in the UK, with six samples out of 21 contaminated by aflatoxins at a rate of between 20 and 99 µg/kg and no samples contaminated by ochratoxin A and zearalenone [143].…”