Survey of the seroprevalence of brucellosis in ruminants in Kosovo

Jackson, Ron; Pite, Ledi; Kennard, R.; Ward, David B.; Stack, J.; Domi, X.; Rami, Anass; Dedushaj, Isuf

doi:10.1136/vr.154.24.747

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These results are in line with previous studies in Pakistan [9,15]. In previous studies conducted in various countries (Bangladesh, Kosovo, Sudan, Nigeria), the same trend was noticed [16][17][18][19]. Higher seroprevalence in sheep was only reported from Egypt and Tajikistan [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Serological, cultural, and molecular evidence of Brucella infection in small ruminants in Pakistan

Ali

Akhter

Neubauer

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The objectives of the present study were to determine the seroprevalence and identify the causative agent of brucellosis in small ruminants in Pakistan. Methodology: A total of 278 serum and 212 milk samples were collected from sheep and goats that had close contact with seropositive bovine herds. Data related to age, sex, location, and breed were collected on the sampling day. Serum and milk samples were initially screened using two different Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) antigens and a milk ring test (MRT). Seropositive samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and PCR analysis using Brucella genus-specific (bcsp31) and Brucella species-specific (IS711 for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis) quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Results: Twenty-four (8.6%) serum samples were positive by RBPT. Twenty (9.4%) animals were positive for Brucella antibodies using MRT. No Brucella isolates were obtained from the examined blood and milk samples. Of the 24 seropositive serum samples, 18 (75%) were positive in the Brucella genus-specific (bcsp31) and Brucella abortus-specific (IS711) qRT-PCR, respectively. Conclusions: Brucella abortus was identified as causative agent of ovine and caprine brucellosis in Pakistan. Results of this study can be used for the development of an effective control and eradication strategy for brucellosis in livestock, especially small ruminants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Serological, cultural, and molecular evidence of Brucella infection in small ruminants in Pakistan

Ali

Akhter

Neubauer

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The prevalence of brucellosis is variable among species and region as described in Table 2. However, prevalence in farm animals seems to be lower in small ruminants than large ruminants [44,84] and lower in sheep than in goats [45,88,89]. Transmission of brucellosis occurs in ruminants through the excretion of contaminated materials from the female genital tract, which constitutes the main form of transmission to other animals and humans.…”

Section: Species and Breedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Brucella spp. in Domestic and Wild Animals

Coelho¹,

Díez²,

Coelho³

2015

Updates on Brucellosis

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Brucella spp. is the aetiological agent of brucellosis, a serious contagious disease that results in reproductive failure and that has profound public health significance because of its zoonotic characteristics. This disease also is responsible for a high economic impact associated with the application of prevention, surveillance and test-andslaughter programmes in animals by national authorities. Brucella spp. infects a large variety of animals and their prevalence is variable worldwide, mainly associated with the presence or absence of control programmes and also with the vaccination of animals against brucellosis. To achieve the control and eradication of brucellosis, the identification of the risk factors of brucellosis that maintain the infection in animals and/or the environment is fundamental. Although several risks have been identified, the most important have been associated with the biology of the bacteria, animal management age, sex, species or breed , herd management herd/flock size, number of species, contact with wild animals or type of animal production , farm management facilities, cleaning and disinfection or veterinary support and farmers' knowledge about the disease. Thus, to benefit from proper risk identification of brucellosis, it is essential to put a cost-effective and efficient brucellosis control programme into place.Keywords: Brucellosis, risk factors, animals, prevalence . IntroductionBrucellosis is a serious contagious disease that results in reproductive failure and has profound public health significance because of its zoonotic characteristics [ ]. In animals, brucellosis can be considered as one of the most economically important zoonosis worldwide, resulting in clinical disease, abortion, neonatal losses, increased calving intervals, reduced fertility, decreased milk production, increased culling rates because of metritis and the emergency slaughtering of infected animals and also an impediment to free animal movement and trade [ -]. However, a high economic impact is associated with the human disease and also by the application of prevention, surveillance and test-and-slaughter programmes in animals by national authorities [ , ].Brucella spp. infects a large variety of animals as described in

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“…The burden of disease for humans in Kosovo has not yet been quantified, but during the past 10 years, the disease has been reported continuously in livestock animals (Pappas, ). In a study carried out in Kosovo with 7941 cattle, 3548 sheep and 511 goats, the seroprevalence was 0.58%, 6.26% and 7.24%, respectively (Jackson et al., ). On average, 30 human brucellosis cases are treated annually in the Clinic for Infectious Diseases‐Kosovo (National Public Health Institute of Kosovo, 2012, personal communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Identification ofBrucella melitensisBiovar 3 from Vaccinated Small Ruminants: A Public Health Threat in Kosovo

Hamidi

Mayer‐Scholl

Dreshaj

et al. 2015

Transbound Emerg Dis

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In 2011, a human brucellosis case with severe clinical symptoms was reported at the University Clinic for Infectious Diseases in Prishtina, Kosovo. A trace-back investigation was conducted to find the source of human infection. A total of 49 blood samples and 15 corresponding milk samples from sheep and goats raised on the patient's farm were taken for serological and molecular analysis. Serology using RBT and CFT revealed 11 positive animals. Twelve milk samples were PCR positive. A Brucella strain isolated from a goat's milk sample was classified as Brucella melitensis biovar 3, indicating the first ever isolation and report in Kosovo. The use of the Bruce-ladder PCR provided differentiation between the field strain and the vaccine strain. Hence, the accidental transmission of the vaccine strain Rev 1 that was previously used for the vaccination of the farm animals could be excluded. The findings of this study show that brucellosis is still a public health threat in Kosovo despite control measures.

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Survey of the seroprevalence of brucellosis in ruminants in Kosovo

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Serological, cultural, and molecular evidence of Brucella infection in small ruminants in Pakistan

Serological, cultural, and molecular evidence of Brucella infection in small ruminants in Pakistan

Risk Factors for Brucella spp. in Domestic and Wild Animals

Isolation and Identification ofBrucella melitensisBiovar 3 from Vaccinated Small Ruminants: A Public Health Threat in Kosovo

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