Survey of Turbo, LDPC, and Polar Decoder ASIC Implementations

Shao, Shuai; Hailes, Peter; Wang, Tsang-Yi; Wu, Jwo-Yuh; Maunder, Robert G.; Al-Hashimi, Bashir M.; Hanzo, Lajos

doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2893851

Cited by 116 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…This tutorial paper sets the necessary background for understanding the operation of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G NR polar codes, which have been surveyed in [29], [30]. It is pertinent to mention here that, to the best of authors' knowledge, only two survey papers [31], [32] exist on polar codes at the time of writing. In [31], the author's have provided a succinct overview of the fundamental concepts pertaining to polar codes, including the encoding, decoding and construction methods, while [32] focuses on the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation of polar decoders.…”

Section: Shannon's Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is pertinent to mention here that, to the best of authors' knowledge, only two survey papers [31], [32] exist on polar codes at the time of writing. In [31], the author's have provided a succinct overview of the fundamental concepts pertaining to polar codes, including the encoding, decoding and construction methods, while [32] focuses on the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation of polar decoders. By contrast, this paper has a broader scope, since we provide in-depth tutorial insights (with explicit examples) as well as a comprehensive survey on polar encoders, decoders as well as polar code construction methods.…”

Section: Shannon's Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polar Codes and Their Quantum-Domain Counterparts

Babar

Egilmez

Xiang

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Arikan's polar codes are capable of achieving the Shannon's capacity at a low encoding and decoding complexity, while inherently supporting rate adaptation. By virtue of these attractive features, polar codes have provided fierce competition to both the turbo as well as the Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, making its way into the 5G New Radio (NR). Realizing the significance of polar codes, in this paper we provide a comprehensive survey of polar codes, highlighting the major milestones achieved in the last decade. Furthermore, we also provide tutorial insights into the polar encoder, decoders as well as the code construction methods. We also extend our discussions to quantum polar codes with an emphasis on the underlying quantum-to-classical isomorphism and the syndromebased quantum polar codes.

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Section: Shannon's Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shannon's Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar Codes and Their Quantum-Domain Counterparts

Babar

Egilmez

Xiang

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

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“…The SNR estimateρ[m r , m t ] is first calculated per transmission layer and receive antenna, then averaged in order to reduce the overall complexity of the subsequent blocks. The SNR estimation based on [19] requires calculation of the LS channel estimatê h LS as given by (5), which is then de-noised using a moving average filter to produce a smoothed channel estimateĥ smooth LS . Then, the noise estimate is derived as:…”

Section: Baseband Receivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard introduced filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) technique, which adds additional filtering to reduce Out-of-Band emission and improve the performance at higher modulation orders [3]. Moreover, modifications in Forward Error Correction (FEC) were imposed to replace the Turbo Codes used in 4G LTE by Quasi-Cyclic Low Density Parity Check (QC-LDPC) codes [4], which were proven to achieve better transmission rates and provide opportunities for more efficient hardware implementations [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototyping Software Transceiver for the 5G New Radio Physical Uplink Shared Channel

Cisek

Zieliński

2019

2019 Signal Processing Symposium (SPSympo)

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5G New Radio (NR) is an emerging radio access technology, which is planned to succeed 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) as global standard of cellular communications in the upcoming years. This paper considers a digital signal processing model and a software implementation of a complete transceiver chain of the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) defined by the version 15 of the 3GPP standard, consisting of both baseband transmitter and receiver chains on a physical layer level. The BLER performance of the prototype system implementation under AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel conditions is evaluated. Moreover, the source code of high-level numerical model was made available online on a public repository by the authors. In the paper's tutorial part, the aspects of the 5G NR standard are reviewed and their impact on different functional building blocks of the system is discussed, including synchronization, channel estimation, equalization, soft-bit demodulation and LDPC encoding/decoding. A review of State-of-Art algorithms that can be utilized to increase the performance of the system is provided together with a guidelines for practical implementations.

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“…Error correcting codes with very good performances are an essential component for modern digital communications systems [1,2]. There are three classes of capacity approaching codes-turbo codes [3], low density parity check codes [4], and polar codes [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lengths for Which Fourth Degree PP Interleavers Lead to Weaker Performances Compared to Quadratic and Cubic PP Interleavers

Trifina

Tărniceriu

Ryu

et al. 2020

Entropy

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In this paper, we obtain upper bounds on the minimum distance for turbo codes using fourth degree permutation polynomial (4-PP) interleavers of a specific interleaver length and classical turbo codes of nominal 1/3 coding rate, with two recursive systematic convolutional component codes with generator matrix G = [ 1 , 15 / 13 ] . The interleaver lengths are of the form 16 Ψ or 48 Ψ , where Ψ is a product of different prime numbers greater than three. Some coefficient restrictions are applied when for a prime p i ∣ Ψ , condition 3 ∤ ( p i − 1 ) is fulfilled. Two upper bounds are obtained for different classes of 4-PP coefficients. For a 4-PP f 4 x 4 + f 3 x 3 + f 2 x 2 + f 1 x ( mod 16 k L Ψ ) , k L ∈ { 1 , 3 } , the upper bound of 28 is obtained when the coefficient f 3 of the equivalent 4-permutation polynomials (PPs) fulfills f 3 ∈ { 0 , 4 Ψ } or when f 3 ∈ { 2 Ψ , 6 Ψ } and f 2 ∈ { ( 4 k L − 1 ) · Ψ , ( 8 k L − 1 ) · Ψ } , k L ∈ { 1 , 3 } , for any values of the other coefficients. The upper bound of 36 is obtained when the coefficient f 3 of the equivalent 4-PPs fulfills f 3 ∈ { 2 Ψ , 6 Ψ } and f 2 ∈ { ( 2 k L − 1 ) · Ψ , ( 6 k L − 1 ) · Ψ } , k L ∈ { 1 , 3 } , for any values of the other coefficients. Thus, the task of finding out good 4-PP interleavers of the previous mentioned lengths is highly facilitated by this result because of the small range required for coefficients f 4 , f 3 and f 2 . It was also proven, by means of nonlinearity degree, that for the considered inteleaver lengths, cubic PPs and quadratic PPs with optimum minimum distances lead to better error rate performances compared to 4-PPs with optimum minimum distances.

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Survey of Turbo, LDPC, and Polar Decoder ASIC Implementations

Cited by 116 publications

References 115 publications

Polar Codes and Their Quantum-Domain Counterparts

Polar Codes and Their Quantum-Domain Counterparts

Prototyping Software Transceiver for the 5G New Radio Physical Uplink Shared Channel

Lengths for Which Fourth Degree PP Interleavers Lead to Weaker Performances Compared to Quadratic and Cubic PP Interleavers

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