Survey of WiFi positioning using time-based techniques

Abstract

Estimating the position of mobile devices with high accuracy in indoor environments is of interest across a wide range of applications. Many methods and technologies have been proposed to solve the problem but, to date, there is no "silver bullet". This paper surveys research conducted on indoor positioning using time-based approaches in conjunction with the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network standard (WiFi). Location solutions using this approach are particularly attractive due to the wide deployment of WiFi and because prior mapping is not needed. This paper provides an overview of the IEEE 802.11 standards and summarizes the key research challenges in 802.11 time-based positioning. The paper categorizes and describes the many proposals published to date, evaluating their implementation complexity and positioning accuracy. Finally, the paper summarizes the state-of-the-art and makes suggestions for future research directions.

Wi-Fi Network Vulnerability Analysis and Risk Assessment in Lebanon

“…Through wardriving, we were able to capture publicly available data about each scanned Wi-Fi access point. Data includes: security protocol (WEP, WPA, WPA2 or OPN), channel being used, router manufacturer, SSID and BSSID [2,5]. The route we took throughout our wardrive spans from Beirut to Kaslik as shown in figure 1.…”

“…(1) [10] The threat is the attacker who exploits a certain vulnerability in order to perform all sorts of attacks listed in Table 1. For example, the survey showed that 54.3% of participants do not know how to check who is connected to their Wi-Fi network; this helps the attacker in performing confidentiality (2) and integrity (3) attacks and intercept the network without people knowing. The survey results also showed that 30.2% of participants do not know what a firewall is; this helps the attacker in performing authentication (4) attacks and steal a user's login credentials on a network that isn't protected with a firewall.…”

Received Signal Strength-based Indoor Positioning: Integrative Outlooks and Solutions

“…Some IPS-related reviews have over 200 references [17,51,122,65,71,109] or even over 300 references [94]. The insights presented in the rest of this chapter are mainly based on 61 IPS-related survey works [1,48,54,60,84,89,116,119,150,153,3,13,17,19,73,25,26,51,70,91,83,99,118,122,132,143,12,16,21,22,32,65,80,87,95,98,110,121,123,142,152,47,71,90,94,111,112,128,140,159,…”

“…WiFi, or Wi-Fi, is the IEEE standard 802.11 for WLAN [84]. WiFi-based positioning is sometimes addressed by the name of WLAN positioning [16,110,152], which is the result of WiFi being the default technology for setting up a WLAN.…”

“…From the selected surveys, one is devoted to time-based WiFi IPS techniques [84], four are completely devoted to WiFi fingerprinting [13,51,65,142] WiFi operates on the bands of 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz [84], with typical channel widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz. The signals from bands of 2.4 GHz travel farther, while those from bands of 5.0 GHz have wider channels and are more robust to fast fading [28].…”