Survey on 882 Organic Micro-Pollutants in Rivers throughout Japan by Automated Identification and Quantification System with a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Database

Kadokami, Kiwao; Jinya, Daisuke; Iwamura, Tomomi

doi:10.5985/jec.19.351

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The results obtained from performance check standards (Naginata criteria sample mix 3: Hayashi Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan) are evaluated against three criteria (Kadokami et al 2004(Kadokami et al , 2005: spectrum validity, inertness of column and inlet liner, and stability of response. When the results for performance check standards satisfy the criteria, the difference between the predicted and actual retention times is less than 3 s, and chemical concentrations obtained (excluding some highly polar compounds which are difficult to measure by GC) are comparable to those obtained by conventional internal standard methods (Kadokami et al 2005(Kadokami et al , 2009. After redissolving the sample in hexane (1 mL) and adding of internal standards (Naginata IS mix 3: Hayashi Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan), the extract was analyzed by GC-MS (QP-2010Plus; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).…”

Section: Passive Samplingmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Identification and quantification of the 940 or so semi-volatile compounds were finally performed by AIQS-DB. For full details of the extraction method and chemical determination, see Kadokami et al (2005Kadokami et al ( , 2009) and Jinya et al (2013).…”

Section: Passive Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kadokami et al (2005) automated identification and quantification system with database (AIQS-DB) method was originally developed for screening unknown pollutants in environmental samples after incidents, e.g. fish kills, food contamination scares or the unknown number of harmful chemicals discharged into the environment after disasters such as large-scale fires and earthquakes, and has since successfully been applied to both water and sediment samples from rivers and estuaries in Japan (Kadokami et al 2009;Pan et al 2014), in Vietnam (Kadokami et al 2012;Duong et al 2014) and Victorian wastewater treatment plant effluents . Consequently, when applied to river water, as in this study, this GC-MS-database (DB) method can give a good indication of the presence of some TrOCs that would not otherwise be identified if samples were to be subjected to only a very limited number of analytical screens for a limited number of target chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Combining Passive Sampling with a GC-MS-Database Screening Tool to Assess Trace Organic Contamination of Rivers: a Pilot Study in Melbourne, Australia

Allinson

Kadokami

2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This study assessed the suitability of passive sampler extracts for use with a GC-MS-database rapid screening technique for around 940 organic chemicals. Chemcatcher™ passive sampler systems containing either Empore™ SDB-XC or C18FF disks were deployed at 21 riverine sites in and near Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, for a period of 28 days during SeptemberOctober 2008. Methanolic elution of the SDB-XC and C18FF disks produced an extract that, after evaporation and inversion into hexane, was compatible with the GC-MS-database method enabling over 30 chemicals to be observed. The sources of the non-agricultural chemicals are still unclear, but this study was conducted in a relatively dry season where total rainfall was approximately 40 % lower than the long-term mean for the catchment during the study period.

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Section: Passive Samplingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Passive Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Combining Passive Sampling with a GC-MS-Database Screening Tool to Assess Trace Organic Contamination of Rivers: a Pilot Study in Melbourne, Australia

Allinson

Kadokami

2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…However, the use of chemicals is not uniform across the entire country owing to numerous factors including climatic / seasonal conditions and the social, demographic, and economic conditions of the local and regional populations. Therefore, herein, we selected eight WWTPs across Japan based on the abovementioned factors and surveyed inflows and outflows using a target method for perfluoroalkyl acids and two massive multiresidue targeted screening methods for 1,325 substances (one method for 972 semivolatile organic compounds via GC-MS (Kadokami et al, 2009) and another method for 484 polar compounds such as PPCPs and pesticides via LC-QTOF-MS (Kadokami and Ueno, 2019)). Herein, we report the survey results for the 484 polar compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflow and outflow loads of 484 daily-use chemicals in wastewater treatment plants across Japan

Kadokami

Miyawaki

Iwabuchi

et al. 2021

EMCR

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With the increasing number and volume of chemicals used in modern life, their adverse effects on human health and aquatic organisms have increased concerns as well. To formulate appropriate management plans, the amounts/ volumes used and emitted of these chemicals must be regulated. However, no data are available on the use of most chemicals, particularly daily-use chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Herein, we tested eight activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Japan, each servicing populations of over 200,000, to investigate the emissions of 484 chemicals including 162 PPCPs. Twenty-four-hour composite samples were collected before and after the activated sludge component of treatment in each season of 2017. Targeted substances were solid-phase extracted and subsequently measured by LC-QTOF-MS-Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment-Ion Spectra Acquisition. The mean number of the detected substances and their mean total concentrations in inflows (n = 32) and outflows (n = 32) were 87 and 92 and 108,517 and 31,537 ng L − 1 , respectively. Pharmaceuticals comprised 50% of the screened chemicals in the inflow. The median removal efficiency was 31.3%: 29.2% for pharmaceuticals and 20.2% for pesticides, which were similar to those in the literature. Cluster analysis showed that spatial differences among the WWTPs are larger than seasonal differences in the same WWTP. Regardless, we detected seasonal differences in the amounts of substances in the inflows: the amounts of sucralose, UV-filters, and insecticides were larger in summer than in winter, whereas those of ibuprofen and chlorpheniramine were larger in winter than in summer. The total inflow and outflow population equivalent loads estimated using wastewater volume, detected concentrations, and populations were 44.7 and 13.0 g 1,000 capita − 1 d − 1 , respectively. The extrapolated total annual Japan-wide inflow and outflow loads were 2,079 and 671 tons y − 1 , respectively. Using the data obtained in this study, we identified 13 candidates of marker substances for estimating real-time population in a sewage treatment area and 22 candidates of marker substances for sewage contamination.

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“…Including the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) system, the promotion of chemical management is required internationally, and the need for environmental risk evaluation of chemicals has increased in recent years. Therefore, environmental monitoring of chemicals has become important for the evaluation of risk to humans and aquatic life, and effective simultaneous monitoring of large number of chemicals in the environment is necessary (Kadokami et al, 2009;Kameya et al, 2010;Miyagawa et al, 2011;Kondo et al, 2012;Kadokami et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Purge Condition for Simultaneous GC/MS Measurement of Chemicals

Kameya

Konuma

Kondo

et al. 2014

J. of Wat. ^|^ Envir. Tech.

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Environmental monitoring of chemicals is important for risk evaluation. As almost all contaminants exist in water environments at very low concentration, appropriate concentration procedures are required. A nitrogen purge process has been used to concentrate extract containing various trace semi-volatile organic chemicals by combination with a solid-phase extraction. However, recovery loss is often caused depending on the purging conditions, and it decreases the reliability of the measurement. In this study, 166 chemicals of various physical properties were prepared and their recovery ratios were investigated under each condition. The recovery ratios in nitrogen purge were not necessarily determined by their physical properties, or overly influenced by the nitrogen purge volumetric flow rate. In contrast, the control of the solvent volume, which changes with the progress of the nitrogen purge concentration, was important in addition to the alternation of the final solvent from hexane to acetone, because the concentration of chemicals in the solvent was one of the key factors determining the recovery ratios in the nitrogen purge process. The variation of the recovery ratio was acceptably small under appropriately controlled conditions.

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Survey on 882 Organic Micro-Pollutants in Rivers throughout Japan by Automated Identification and Quantification System with a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Database

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Combining Passive Sampling with a GC-MS-Database Screening Tool to Assess Trace Organic Contamination of Rivers: a Pilot Study in Melbourne, Australia

Combining Passive Sampling with a GC-MS-Database Screening Tool to Assess Trace Organic Contamination of Rivers: a Pilot Study in Melbourne, Australia

Inflow and outflow loads of 484 daily-use chemicals in wastewater treatment plants across Japan

Nitrogen Purge Condition for Simultaneous GC/MS Measurement of Chemicals

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