Survey on depth perception in head mounted displays: distance estimation in virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality

Jamiy, Fatima El; Marsh, Ronald

doi:10.1049/iet-ipr.2018.5920

Cited by 101 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…2), the data from the scenarios with diffuse light conditions (1-Real-Diffuse, 2-AR-Smooth-Diffuse, 3-AR-Poly-Diffuse) show farther depth measures, about 10 cm of difference regarding spot light scenarios (z:0.20 for blue points vs 0.10 for orange ones). Such results are coherent with the literature, since it is mentioned that observers tend to overestimate distance in the personal space [9]. About the texture, it seems that the polystyrene one has a positive effect when combined to the spot lights, since scenario 6 has the more precise measures here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This could be a consequence of the small field of view in the current devices. Moreover, in regards of depth perception in mixed reality, observers tend to underestimate objects' distance in the action and distant space, while they overestimate it for objects in the personal space [9]. In the absence of visual aids, humans tend to estimate distance to objects with an egocentric distance of 0.9 ± 0.2m [12].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Depth Cues on Eye Tracking Depth Measurement in Augmented Reality Using the MagicLeap Device

Raimbaud

Lopez

Figueroa

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)

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The eye-tracking technology is currently implemented in many mixed reality devices. However, eye-tracking measurements must be precise enough to permit correct localization in the environment; to allow, for example, linking such spatial positions to virtual objects. According to the human vision, major measurement issues would more likely occur in the depth axis rather than in the horizontal and vertical axes. In the literature, depth cues are known for improving human depth perception. In this study, our hypothesis is that, in an augmented reality environment, the more realistic virtual objects are displayed, thanks to depth cues, the more precise the eye-tracking device depth measures would be. Thus, using the MagicLeap device, we studied the effects of lighting and textures on eye-tracking depth measurement precision, by comparing the measures obtained under varying conditions of lights and textures, on both real and virtual objects. The results confirmed our general hypothesis, and we noticed a more significant influence of lights rather than textures on the precision of the measures. Moreover, we found that these depth cues reduce the measurement imprecision among observers, making the eye-tracking system more accurate when measuring depth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Depth Cues on Eye Tracking Depth Measurement in Augmented Reality Using the MagicLeap Device

Raimbaud

Lopez

Figueroa

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is an environment that mixes the aspects of both technologies, unifying the experience to require a single device. Thereby, MR merges both concepts to allow the user to interact with real objects within a virtual world, to be totally immersed in a completely virtual world or to reproduce virtual elements in the real environment [67,68]. Although MR has appeared relatively recently, certain companies with technological value are supporting its development, with the aim of democratising its use [69].…”

Section: Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of Educational Technologies: An Approach to Augmented Reality Research

et al. 2020

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Technological advancements have posed a challenge to educational institutions in the sustainability of management, research and teaching activities. Virtual technologies have allowed digital transformation to be incorporated into university education—among them, augmented reality (AR). The study examined the evolution of global research on this topic in the period 2005–2019. A bibliometric analysis of 1977 articles was performed, obtaining results of scientific productivity. The evidence showed a growing interest in studying the sustainability of AR in higher education. According to the results, the main category was computer science; the most productive journal was Computer and Education; the authors with the largest number of publications were Nee and Ong, while Wang was the most frequently cited author; the most productive institution was the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; the United States was the country with the largest number of publications and citations; and, finally, the United States and Spain were the countries with the largest number of international collaborations in their articles. Five lines of research were identified, among which those oriented to the topics of technological resources, computer, simulation, education and learning stand out. It was verified that this research topic has a growing and dynamic interest in scientific activity, and its sustainable approach is confirmed by being linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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“…Headsets and other stereo-enabled displays affect depth perception [49,52], as people tend to underestimate depths in VR and AR. A survey on positioning in mixed reality [53] listed the types of tasks used to analyze depth perception in VR and AR: depth estimate verbal reporting, eyebody coordination tests such as walking or remote object movement via joysticks, and object-depth interaction such as picking, placing, and throwing. The survey also noted the need for research on whether depth perception allows for better localization in real-world scenes shown through AR and VR headsets.…”

Section: Depth Perception In Virtual Augmented Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each test run, the participants were asked to navigate and accurately touch highlighted targets in the test area, using the remote control excavator's arm. This is a combination of the locomotion and pick-and-place tasks commonly used for depth estimation and positioning assessment [53,[69][70][71]76], adapted to the context of remotely controlling industrial machinery. The targets were highlighted in random order, and participants were scored on the number of targets reached.…”

Section: Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint effects of depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience in augmented telepresence

et al. 2020

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Virtual and augmented reality is increasingly prevalent in industrial applications, such as remote control of industrial machinery, due to recent advances in head-mounted display technologies and low-latency communications via 5G. However, the influence of augmentations and camera placement-based viewing positions on operator performance in telepresence systems remains unknown. In this paper, we investigate the joint effects of depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience for operators in augmented telepresence systems. A study was conducted with 27 non-expert participants using a real-time augmented telepresence system to perform a remote-controlled navigation and positioning task, with varied depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions. The resulting quality of experience was analyzed via Likert opinion scales, task performance measurements, and simulator sickness evaluation. Results suggest that reducing the reliance on stereoscopic depth perception via camera placement has a significant benefit to operator performance and quality of experience. Conversely, the depth-aiding augmentations can partly mitigate the negative effects of inferior viewing positions. However the viewing-position based monoscopic and stereoscopic depth cues tend to dominate over cues based on augmentations. There is also a discrepancy between the participants' subjective opinions on augmentation helpfulness, and its observed effects on positioning task performance.

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Survey on depth perception in head mounted displays: distance estimation in virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality

Cited by 101 publications

References 44 publications

Influence of Depth Cues on Eye Tracking Depth Measurement in Augmented Reality Using the MagicLeap Device

Influence of Depth Cues on Eye Tracking Depth Measurement in Augmented Reality Using the MagicLeap Device

Sustainability of Educational Technologies: An Approach to Augmented Reality Research

Joint effects of depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience in augmented telepresence

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