“…As we focus on the uplink, the GW receives the useful signal, the interference coming from the other LoRa EDs, the aggregate interference coming from the underlying uncoordinated IoT networks, and the Additive White Gaussian Noise [25], [32]. Then, the baseband received signal by G j can be given by (2), where U j [n] denotes the useful signal, I j [n] the interference created by the other LoRa transmitters from the studied LoRa network, p(d ij ) the path loss attenuation, g t,i the i-th transmitter ED antenna gain, g r,j the j-th receiver antenna gain, h ij the fast fading coefficient between the ith transmitter and the j-th receiver, S i [n] the unit-variance signal sent by the i-th ED, ΦE k the set of all the interfering EDs that transmit data at the same time as the i-th ED, A[n] the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Z j [n] the aggregate interference coming from the neighboring non-LoRa networks and N j [n] the total noise.…”