Survey on &lt;i&gt;Fusarium&lt;/i&gt; Mycotoxin Contamination in Oat, Sorghum, Adlay, and Proso Millet during the Harvest Season in Korea

Mycotoxin-contaminated food is an important public health issue. The aims of this study were to monitor mycotoxin contamination in Korean ginger and to investigate storage conditions to reduce mycotoxins. A total of 44 ginger samples (27 gingers and 17 ginger powders) were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxin B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , G 2 , ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEA). Mycotoxin levels were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography after immunoaffinity column clean-up. At least one mycotoxin was present in 37.03% of the ginger samples (10/27) and 41.17% of the ginger powder samples (7/17). NIV was the most frequently detected mycotoxin in the ginger samples (37.03%, 24.74-263.40 μg/kg), while DON (35.29%, 17.62-401.58 μg/kg), NIV (29.41%, 73.24-439.65 μg/kg), and ZEA (23.53%, 5.80-97.84 μg/kg) were frequently detected in the ginger powder samples. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were not detected in most of the ginger samples. In addition, two or more mycotoxins were found in ginger (25.93%) and ginger powder samples (29.41%). In the storage experiment, DON and NIV levels in ginger were significantly lower under 13℃ and 96% relative humidity than under the other conditions. This is the first report of DON and NIV in Korean ginger samples and the co-occurrence of Fusarium toxins.

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Type B Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains and Their Products: Recent Advances on Occurrence, Toxicology, Analysis and Post-Harvest Decontamination Strategies

Gab-Allah

Choi

Kim

2023

Toxins

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Type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) are secondary toxic metabolites produced mainly by mycotoxigenic Fusarium fungi and have been recognized as natural contaminants in cereals and cereal-based foods. The latest studies have proven the various negative effects of type B trichothecenes on human health. Due to the widespread occurrence of Fusarium species, contamination by these mycotoxins has become an important aspect for public health and agro-food systems worldwide. Hence, their monitoring and surveillance in various foods have received a significant deal of attention in recent years. In this review, an up-to-date overview of the occurrence profile of major type B trichothecenes and DON-3G in cereal grains and their toxicological implications are outlined. Furthermore, current trends in analytical methodologies for their determination are overviewed. This review also covers the factors affecting the production of these mycotoxins, as well as the management strategies currently employed to mitigate their contamination in foods. Information presented in this review provides good insight into the progress that has been achieved in the last years for monitoring type B trichothecenes and DON-3G, and also would help the researchers in their further investigations on metabolic pathway analysis and toxicological studies of these Fusarium mycotoxins.

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Survey on <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxin Contamination in Oat, Sorghum, Adlay, and Proso Millet during the Harvest Season in Korea

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Fusarium diversity and mycotoxin occurrence in proso millet in Korea

Fusarium diversity and mycotoxin occurrence in proso millet in Korea

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in Korean ginger and the optimal storage conditions for reducing mycotoxins

Type B Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains and Their Products: Recent Advances on Occurrence, Toxicology, Analysis and Post-Harvest Decontamination Strategies

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