Survey on Standards and Regulations for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

Dong

et al. 2020

Self Cite

This paper aims to investigate the radiated magnetic field by 11 kW inductive power transfer (IPT) systems used for the charging of electric vehicles. Two reference designs suggested by SAE J2954 are studied. Both designs are analysed to obtain the coils winding currents, and 3D FEM models are built in COMSOL without considering the car chassis, which constitutes a conservative approach. The magnetic field intensity at specific distances from the IPT coupler are calculated. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the respective magnetic field limits defined in the international standards SAE J2954, IEC 61980-1 and ICNIRP. The results show that the magnetic field radiations at 10 meters points are significantly lower than the limits established in the SAE J2954, while the emissions at 0.9 meters points are only slightly below the limits defined by ICNIRP.

Section: A Electromagnetic Field Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ISO 19363 and SAE J2954 elaborate on the design criteria of operation scenarios, physical dimensions, interoperability as well as the EMF exposure. The magnetic field strength limits defined in these three standards are summarized in [12], and they are shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: A Electromagnetic Field Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Magnetic Field Emissions in Inductive Power Transfer EV Chargers Following Reference Designs in SAE J2954/2019

2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

Dong

et al. 2020

Self Cite

“…Nowadays, standards and regulations on wireless charging for electric vehicles (EVs) are well defined, such that interoperability is guaranteed between systems from different manufacturers [1]. Especially for what concerns the main magnetic coils, reference designs are specified in SAE 2954 [2] for the power levels up to 11.1 kW (WPT3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation Network for a 7.7 kW Wireless Charging System that Uses Standardized Coils

2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

Soeiro

et al. 2020

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Industrial wireless charging systems use standardized coils to guarantee interoperability between different manufacturers. In combination with these coils, the compensation network can still be designed and optimized. This paper explains the step-by-step design of the compensation network for a 7.7 kW wireless charging system (power class WPT2), which is composed of standardized coils. The compensation network must satisfy the output power and voltage requirements, the soft-switching of the inverter, and the limit of voltage and current stress on the components. The S-S compensation network is found to be unfeasible for those coils, and an optimized double-sided LCC compensation network is designed. The 3-phase grid connection is selected despite the 1-phase one because it gives the lowest total conduction losses. Finally, two parallel SiC MOSFETs C3M0075120K are chosen as inverter's switch because of their low conduction losses. This solution can achieve a payback time within a year with respect to the cheapest one.Index Terms-Compensation networks, electric vehicles (EVs), inductive power transfer, standardized coils, wireless charging.

“…Especially in these high-power applications, the inductive power transfer (IPT) with magnetic resonant coupling is the most used method. Available standards and regulations cover power levels from 3.3 kW up to 22 kW [1], which should be processed at the nominal operating frequency of around 85 kHz. As a result, in the IPT system, the resonant current flowing through both the transmitter and receiver coils might have a relatively high amplitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Factor Based Design Guideline for Optimized Inductive Power Transfer

2020 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)

Soeiro

et al. 2020

Self Cite

In high-power wireless battery charging that uses inductive power transfer, a considerable amount of power losses are located in the transmitter and receiver coils because they carry high resonant currents and typically have a loose coupling between them which increases eddy current losses. Therefore, the nominal operation needs to be chosen such that the coils' losses are minimized. Additionally, the inverter's semiconductors softswitching improves both the power conversion efficiency and the electromagnetic compatibility of the system, thus it needs to be safeguarded for a wide operating range. However, depending on the chosen quality factor of the coils, it might happen that the minimum coils' losses and soft-switching are not satisfied at the same time. This paper defines a guideline on the parametric selection of the coils' quality factor such that the optimum operation of both the coils and the resonant converter can be achieved simultaneously. This parametric guideline is proposed for resonant converters implementing the four basic compensation networks: series-series, series-parallel, parallel-series, and parallel-parallel. Finally, circuit examples are provided for an 11 kW wireless battery charging system.Index Terms-Compensation networks, EV battery charging, inductive power transfer, quality factor, wireless charging.