Survey on the Progression of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in Chongqing During COVID-19 Pandemic

Wang, Wujiao; Zhu, Lusha; Zheng, Shoujun; Ji, Yan; Xiang, Yongguo; Lv, Bingjing; Li, Xiong; Li, Zhuoyu; Yi, Shenglan; Huang, Hongyun; Zhang, Li; Liu, Fangli; Wan, Wenjuan; Hu, Ke

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.646770

Cited by 62 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…2 It is reasonable to expect that these measures led to an increase in near work activities for children (digital or otherwise) and substantially less time spent outdoors. 3 , 4 , 5 Generally, time spent on near work is positively correlated with myopia progression, whereas time spent outdoors is negatively correlated with myopia. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 Overall, during the periods of lockdown, children spent most of their time at home—that is, their refractive development was overwhelmingly determined by their domestic living environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an Optical Defocus Treatment for Myopia Progression Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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Key Points Question Is an optical defocus treatment associated with slowed myopia progression among schoolchildren experiencing lockdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic? Findings In this exploratory analysis of 2 cohort studies including 171 schoolchildren during COVID-19 lockdown, treatment using a defocus incorporated multiple segments lens was associated with 46% less myopia progression and 34% less axial elongation compared with regular single vision lens treatment. Meaning These findings suggest that an optical defocus treatment may be associated with slower myopia progression, which has been exaggerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, among schoolchildren.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an Optical Defocus Treatment for Myopia Progression Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…Evidence suggests that when children are out of school, they are physically less active, have much longer screen time, irregular sleep patterns, and have less favorable diets, resulting in weight gain and a loss of cardiorespiratory fitness ( 14 , 15 ). At the same time, some evidence support that the increased e-learning by digital screens and reduction in outdoor activities are two likely channels posing adverse risks for myopia development ( 16 ). In most countries it is projected that medium to long-term social distancing measures may curtail outdoor activities, leading to the undesirable effect of more time spent indoors on recreational digital screen time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Articles have been published recently to investigate and evaluate the impact of home confinement on the progression of myopia among students in China ( 18 , 19 ). One survey was conducted by enrolling 1,733 and 1,728 students in 2020 and 2019 in Chongqing, respectively ( 16 ). It found that the percentage of myopic students increased by 10.40% during the COVID-19 ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One survey was conducted by enrolling 1,733 and 1,728 students in 2020 and 2019 in Chongqing, respectively ( 16 ). It found that the percentage of myopic students increased by 10.40% during the COVID-19 ( 16 ). The study of Wang et al investigated the prevalence of myopia in the 6–8 age group, which found the prevalence was 21.5% at 6 years, 26.2% at 7 years, and 37.2% at 8 years in the COVID-19 ( 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Online Learning-Related Visual Function Impairment During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fan

Wang

Kong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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This study aimed to review the consequences of increased online learning, which was precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), on visual function, as well as the methods for preventing the associated visual impairment. The recent finding implies that a higher incidence of myopia may be observed during the pandemic than that before. The myopia prevalence was 59.35% in COVID-19, which was higher than that in the normal period. COVID-19-related influence of developing myopia among students should be addressed and under control. Online learning precipitated by COVID-19 is likely to increase the global burden of visual function impairment. This review highlighted useful measures to prevent online learning-related visual function impairments, including the following: (1) desktop illumination of no >300 lx, online learning time for primary, and middle-school students of no more than 20–30 min per session; (2) daily video time for preschool children not exceeding 1 h, and for school-age children and adolescents not exceeding 2 h; (3) after every 30–40 min of online learning, moving eyes away from the screen or closed for 10 min; (4) engaging in outdoor activities for ≥ 2 h a day; (5) suitable screen and learning environment settings and correct postures for reading and writing; (6) sufficient sleep and proper nutrition. Preventing online learning-related visual impairment during and after this unprecedented pandemic will facilitate future ophthalmic practice.

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“…The increased digital screen time and the overall time spent on near work, together with the decreasing outdoor time, increased the risk of myopia progression in students ( 6 ). Accelerated myopic progression has been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 7 – 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Myopia and Other Risk Factors With Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese University Freshmen During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Zhang

Gao

Zhu

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Purpose: To investigate the association of myopia and other risk factors with anxiety and depression among Chinese university freshmen during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Tianjin Medical University from October 2020 to December 2020. Ophthalmic examination of the eyes was performed by an experienced ophthalmologist. Detailed information on depression, anxiety, and other risk factors was collected via the Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale.Results: The overall prevalence of anxiety and depression in our study was 10.34 and 25.13%, respectively. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia as 92.02 and 26.7%, respectively. There were significant associations between anxiety and spectacle power [odds ratios (OR) = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81–0.98, P = 0.019], sphere equivalent (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81– 0.98, P = 0.025), sleep time (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35–0.79, P = 0.002), and body mass index (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, P = 0.047). In the multivariable linear regression models, spectacle power (β = −0.43; 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.19, P = 0.001) and sphere equivalent (β = −0.36; 95% CI: −0.60 to −0.11, P = 0.005) were negatively associated with anxiety scores, whereas axial length (β = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.02–1.07, P = 0.044) was positively correlated with anxiety scores. Every 1 h decrease in sleep time was associated with a 0.12-point increase in depression score.Conclusion: Myopia was associated with anxiety and anxiety scores. The greater the degree of myopia, the higher the anxiety score. However, myopia was not found to be associated with depression. The results highlight the importance of providing psychological support to students with myopia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Survey on the Progression of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in Chongqing During COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 62 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluation of an Optical Defocus Treatment for Myopia Progression Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Evaluation of an Optical Defocus Treatment for Myopia Progression Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Online Learning-Related Visual Function Impairment During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Relationship Between Myopia and Other Risk Factors With Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese University Freshmen During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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