Survey-Software Implicit Association Tests:  A Methodological and Empirical Analysis

Carpenter, Thomas P.; Pogacar, Ruth; Pullig, Chris; Kouril, Michal; Aguilar, Stephen J.; LaBouff, Jordan P.; Isenberg, Naomi; Chakroff, Aleksandr

doi:10.31234/osf.io/hgy3z

Cited by 28 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The block mean for practice blocks (blocks 3 + 6) and the block mean for trial blocks (blocks 4+7) were divided by inclusive standard deviations so that there were two D-scores created for each participant, and then these scores were averaged to create a single score. A positive D-score indicates the association occurred more quickly in the compatible than incompatible block, a negative D-score indicates the association occurred more quickly in the incompatible than compatible block (Carpenter et al, 2018).…”

Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were given a series of instructions at the beginning of each block guiding them to categorize the word that appeared on the screen as quickly as possible into either the left or right side of the screen depending on how well the word matched the target or attribute word presented on each side of the screen. IATgen measured in milliseconds (ms) the amount of time it took for a participant to categorize each word that appeared on the screen (Carpenter et al, 2018). Words appeared randomly on the screen from a pool of stimuli with replacement.…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"incompatible" block: inspirational + inauthentic; authoritarian + authentic). Block 7 was a trial block repeating Block 6 (Carpenter et al, 2018).…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acting with the best of intentions… or not: A typology and model of impression management in leadership

Peck

Hogue

2018

The Leadership Quarterly

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Followers accept influence when target leaders meet their perception of what it means to be a leader. Impression management (IM) is an important means of influencing these perceptions. However, extant literature on leader IM is fragmented and lacks a clear explanation of how the influence process occurs. I unify the literature in this area by creating a multidimensional typology and multi-level model of IM in leadership. I examine the multidimensional nature of IM as composed of information processing, communicative, and goaldirected components, creating eight IM archetypes. Further, I develop an instrument used in experimental studies to test the IM model within transformational leadership theory, highlighting followers' cognitive categorization processes and testing how the addition of a moderator, ethical work climate (EWC), impacts causal predictions from the model. Across two empirical studies, I find that authentic IM behavior leads to greater transformational leadership perceptions (TL perceptions) than inauthentic and pro-social IM behavior leads to greater TL perceptions than pro-self. There is no significant difference between automatic and controlled IM behavior and TL perceptions. Also, an EWC strengthens the positive effects of authentic communication on TL perceptions. Finally, I provide a cognitive explanation for the IM influence process by showing that certain IM behaviors are implicitly associated with transformational leader behaviors. I integrate my results within existing literature and explain how the model can be used in future research.

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Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acting with the best of intentions… or not: A typology and model of impression management in leadership

Peck

Hogue

2018

The Leadership Quarterly

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“…Both clips were approximately five minutes long and were embedded into the online survey using code gathered from YouTube, where the videos were hosted. All IATs were administered via Qualtrics using the iatgen (Carpenter et al, 2018). We used the single-target procedure outlined by Karpinski and Steinman (2006).…”

Section: Attitudes To Sex Offenders Scale (Ats-21) Participants Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One key difference between the present study and that of Harper et al (2018) was the lack of condition effect on implicit valence associations about pedophilia. In this work, we used a ST-IAT using iatgen (Carpenter et al, 2018) to measure these attitudes. Using this method allowed us to collect high-volume implicit attitude data online.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humanizing pedophilia as stigma reduction: A large-scale intervention study

Harper¹,

Lievesley²,

Blagden³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The stigmatization of people with pedophilic sexual interests is the topic of growing academic and professional consideration, owing to its potential role in moderating pedophiles’ emotional wellbeing, and motivation and engagement in child abuse prevention schemes. Thus, improving attitudes and reducing stigmatization toward this group is of paramount importance. Prior research has suggested that narrative humanization – presenting personal stories of self-identified non-offending pedophiles – could be one route to doing this. However, this work has only been conducted with students or trainee psychotherapists, meaning the public generalizability of this method is still unknown. In this study, we tested whether narratives reduce stigma toward people with pedophilic interests more effectively than an informative alternative (scientific information about pedophilia). Using a longitudinal experimental design (initial N = 950; final N = 539), we found that narratives had consistently positive effects on all measured aspects of stigmatization (dangerousness, intentionality), whereas an informative alternative had mixed results, and actually increased perceptions of pedophiles’ levels of deviance. These effects were also still present four months after the initial presentation. We discuss these data in relation to ongoing debates about treating pedophilia as a public health issue requiring a broad societal approach to wellbeing and child abuse prevention.

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Police as threat: The influence of race and the summer of Black Lives Matter on implicit and explicit attitudes towards the police

Verhaeghen

Aikman

2022

Journal Community Psychology

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Police officers partially rely on implicit and explicit stereotypes in their interactions with the public. We investigated if these attitudes are reciprocated, specifically, if people of color implicitly fear police, and whether the events of the summer of 2020 changed the public's attitudes about police. Seven hundred and fifty‐nine college students (235 BIPOC) participated, 373 in 2019, 386 in fall 2020. BIPOC participants more readily implicitly associated police officers with threat; implicit police‐as‐threat scores increased after the summer of 2020 regardless of race. Explicit attitudes showed the same pattern: BIPOC participants had less favorable attitudes of police; participants in Fall 2020 had less favorable attitudes of police. Implicit attitudes were predicted by race, time, the experience of being treated with (dis)respect, and an emphasis on the binding aspect of morality. Explicit attitudes were predicted by the same variables, as well as specific community variables, the moral foundation of individualizing, and implicit attitudes.

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Survey-Software Implicit Association Tests: A Methodological and Empirical Analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Acting with the best of intentions… or not: A typology and model of impression management in leadership

Acting with the best of intentions… or not: A typology and model of impression management in leadership

Humanizing pedophilia as stigma reduction: A large-scale intervention study

Police as threat: The influence of race and the summer of Black Lives Matter on implicit and explicit attitudes towards the police

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