SURVEY TRAPS FOR PARASITOIDS, AND COCCINELLID PREDATORS OF THE CITRUS BLACKFLY, ALEUROCANTHUS WOGLUMI¹

Abstract

The attractiveness of sticky traps of eight colors for two parasitoids Amitus hesperidum Silvestri and Prospaltella opulenta Silvestri, and seven species of coccinellid predators of the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) was evaluated in insectory and field tests. Yellow traps captured significantly more parasitoids and coccinellids than other colors tested; captures were greatest in traps placed in the lower half of citrus trees. These traps can be used to survey for and monitor the population trends of the citrus blackfly and its natural enemies. Since the successful implementation of biological control of the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi, in Florida (Dowell et al., 1979a) and Texas (Ketner & Rosier, 1978), increased emphasis has been placed on acquiring information useful in approaches to the management of this pest. Survey techniques for A. woglumi have been developed in groves (Hart et al., 1978) and urban areas (Dowell & Cherry, 1980), and information obtained on the impact of several pesticides on predators and parasitoids of this pest (Fitzpatrick et al., 1978). Traps have been devised and used for monitoring changes in citrus blackfly numbers (Harlan et al., 1979, Hart et al., 1978, Dowell et al., 1979b, Meyerdirk et al., 1979, Fitzpatrick et al., 1979) but no equivalent system exists for estimating the abundance of predators or parasitoids of this pest. This information is needed in pest management programs to monitor population levels of the pest and its natural enemies, to time insecticide sprays for maximal pest control with minimal damage to beneficial insects and to aid in the survey for citrus blackfly and its parasitoids throughout the state. Here we present the results of tests with sticky traps to survey and monitor both parasitoids and predators of the citrus blackfly. RÉSUMÉ PIÈCES POUR ÉVALUER LES POPULATIONS DE PARASITOSES ET DE COCCINELLES PRÉDATRICES DE L'ALEURODE. ALEUROCANTHUS WOGLUMI Nous avons évalué l'attraction de Amitus hesperidum Silvestri et Prospaltella opulenta Silvestri, parasitoïdes d'Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby et de 7 espèces de Coccinellides prédatrices de cette espèce, par des pièges à glu de 8 couleurs différentes (jaune, orange, rouge, bleu, vert, noir, blanc et transparent). Les pièges jaunes capturent significativement plus de parasitoïdes et de coccinelles que les autres couleurs; les captures sont plus importantes avec des pièges placés dans la moitié inférieure des citronniers. Ces pièges peuvent être utilisés pour suivre et contrôler l'évolution des populations d'A. woglumi et de ses parasitoïdes et coccinelles prédatrices.

Natural enemies associated to aphids in peach orchards in Araucária, Paraná, Brazil

“…Resende et al (2006) captured 17 species of Coccinellidae from kale plants using the yellow sticky traps method. According to Dowell and Cherry (1981), the yellow sticky traps are more efficient in coccinellid collections than the visual method; Civolani and Pasqualini (2003) reported that the manual collection method is more efficient than using yellow sticky traps to monitor aphids.…”

“…Populations of aphids can be reduced naturally when natural enemies are present, which can be an alternative to using chemicals (Cardoso and Lazzari, 2003). The insects that act in the biological control of aphids belong to the families: Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (Obrycki and Kring, 1998), Syrphidae (Diptera) (Gonçalvez and Gonçalvez, 1976), Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) (Grasswitz and Burts, 1995) and Hymenoptera (Parra et al, 2002). The aim of this study was to identify the species of natural enemies associated with aphids present in peach orchards in Araucária, PR and evaluate the most efficient sampling method in capturing these natural enemies.…”

Selectivity of Whitefly Traps in Cotton for Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Native Parasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

“…Yellow sticky traps are known to be attractive to coccinellids, for example, the Delphastus spp. preying on the citrus blackfly (Dowell and Cherry 1981), and coccinellid predators of several insect pests of olive, Olea europaea L. ( Neuenschwander 1982).…”

“…Yellow traps are attractive to aphelinid and platygasterid parasitoids of citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Dowell and Cherry 1981) and were used to monitor field populations of these parasitoids, Encarsia opulenta (Silvestri) and Amitus hesperidum Silvestri (Nguyen et al 1983). Yellow cards E~VIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY Vol.…”

The Comparative Efficacy of Two Traps for Monitoring Parasitoids of the Vine Mealybug Planococcus ficus Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

“…In this regard, the various kinds of traps available can be very useful [3,4] used yellow sticky traps to monitor populations of the citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) which hitherto had been done by visual inspection [5,6] found that the whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and the coccinellid Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) are respectively more attracted to yellow sticky traps than sticky traps with a blue hue [7] also used yellow sticky traps to monitor the grape berry moth Endopiza viteana Clemens [8] found yellow delta traps superior to white delta traps and yellow square traps in assessing the numbers of the male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), (Diptera: Tephritidae). Some natural enemies of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) [3,[9][10][11] are positively phototactic to yellow-coloured surfaces. The propensity of parasitoids to orientate towards yellow-coloured surfaces could be used in studying aspects of their population dynamics, such as population levels at specific times, that would improve pest management practices.…”