“…As define by Lima et al (2008), connectivity is a fundamental requirement for survivability. The connectivity of MANETs is achieved via node degree (Xing & Wang, 2007a;Kim, Tipper & Krishnamurthy, 2009;Peng et al, 2011;Younes & Thomas, 2013), radio propagation (Hekmat, Mieghem, 2004;Lima et al, 2008), and node mobility (Santi, 2005;Xu & Wang, 2006;Younes & Thomas, 2013;T. Wang et al, 2010).…”