2016
DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12916
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Survival after pathogen exposure in group‐living insects: don't forget the stress of social isolation!

Abstract: A major cost of group-living is its inherent risk of pathogen infection. To limit this risk, many group-living animals have developed the capability to prophylactically boost their immune system in the presence of group members and/or to mount collective defences against pathogens. These two phenomena, called density-dependent prophylaxis and social immunity, respectively, are often used to explain why, in group-living species, individuals survive better in groups than in isolation. However, this survival diff… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(39 citation statements)
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“…By contrast, females live up to 1.5 years, during which they provide care to their eggs for several months, provide care to the resulting nymphs for several weeks and then often produce a second clutch which they care for during several additional weeks [32, 37]. Compared to males, females fitness is therefore tightly associated with their capability to survive over several seasons and thus to fight against longer and/or more frequent attacks by pathogens, overall likely explaining their higher investment into immune defense (see also [33]).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…By contrast, females live up to 1.5 years, during which they provide care to their eggs for several months, provide care to the resulting nymphs for several weeks and then often produce a second clutch which they care for during several additional weeks [32, 37]. Compared to males, females fitness is therefore tightly associated with their capability to survive over several seasons and thus to fight against longer and/or more frequent attacks by pathogens, overall likely explaining their higher investment into immune defense (see also [33]).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The contaminated and non-contaminated sands were created by preliminary grounding each recipient Petri dish (9 cm diameter) with humid sand and then sprinkling the sand with either 100 μl of a conidiospore solution of M. brunneum diluted in 0.05% Tween (10 7 spores/ml) or with 100 μl of a control spore-free solution of 0.05% Tween, respectively. M. brunneum is a common entomophagous fungus in the soil, which is known to infect and reduce the survival of a wide range of insects (including earwigs) in nature, but against which the roles of hemocyte concentration and phenoloxidase activity remain largely unclear [3335]. On day 14 after egg hatching, all tending mothers were removed from their group of nymphs (when applicable) to mimic natural family dispersal [29].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, the immune responses are interconnected with stress responses, which in insects have an immune‐enhancing effect via stress hormones releasing energy for both stress and immune responses (Adamo, ). This interconnection may be particularly relevant for our study where we test the effect of worker presence or absence in the context of infection, as it is known that social isolation may induce stress and interfere with disease defense abilities in insects (Boulay, Quagebeur, Godzinska, & Lenoir, ; Kohlmeier, Holländer, & Meunier, ; Koto, Mersch, Hollis, & Keller, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generally, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system is implicated in these responses (Hennessy et al, 2009; Hernandez et al, 2010; Herskin et al, 2007). Stress-related phenomena associated with social isolation are also being explored in insects, including Drosophila (Kohlmeier et al, 2016; McNeil et al, 2015; Soleimani et al, 2012; Ueda and Wu, 2009), where both short- and long-term influences of isolation on aggressive behavior and basic physiological processes (e.g. neuromuscular excitability, altered cellular ROS regulation) are being revealed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%