“…A total of 446 records were excluded by examining their titles and/or abstracts, leaving 40 records for full-text review. Twenty-nine studies were excluded after full-text review: ten because they reported on non-conventional-length (short, long) or non-HA-coated stems ( 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ), eight because they compared collared versus collarless stems with different designs or coatings ( 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ), five because they were letters to the editor, technical notes, or correspondence ( 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ), three because they did not report on any outcomes ( 14 , 43 , 44 ), one because it compared hemiarthroplasty versus THA ( 45 ), one because it was a cadaveric study ( 46 ), and one because it was a non-comparative study ( 47 ). A further three articles were excluded because the outcomes of interest were not presented separately for collared versus collarless stems (the authors were contacted at least three times but none responded) ( 4 , 6 , 48 ).…”