Survival and Growth Improvement of Palm Ruff, Seriolella violacea, Larvae Fed Artemia Nauplii Enriched with an Experimental Emulsion

Abstract

The palm ruff, Seriolella violacea (Cojinoba), is a potential new species for Chilean aquaculture. To approach Cojinoba larviculture, an experimental Artemia enrichment emulsion, containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) = 2.5, supplemented with vitamin E, astaxanthin, and β‐glucan, was evaluated in both Artemia and Cojinoba larvae, 30–50 d.a.h. This study tested an experimental enrichment emulsion versus a commercial emulsion, with an integral approach of multicompound emulsions. After 23 h enrichment, experimental emulsion (EE)‐enriched nauplii reached DHA and EPA concentrations of 23.8 and 18.7 mg/g dry weight (dwt), respectively, while in Cojinoba larvae they were 18.4 and 19.7 mg/g dwt. Control emulsion (CE)‐enriched nauplii exhibited lower DHA and EPA (6.1 and 7.7 mg/g dwt), while only DHA decreased in the control larvae (12.6 mg/g dwt). Vitamin E was higher in EE‐enriched nauplii (29.2 mg/100 g dwt) than in the control (8.4 mg/100 g dwt). Larvae fed EE‐enriched Artemia exhibited 8% increase in survival and 19% in growth compared with the control. Astaxanthin was detected only in larvae fed EE‐enriched nauplii. The tumor necrosis factor‐α concentration was not significantly different between larvae fed EE‐ and CE‐enriched nauplii. EE looks promising as an Artemia enrichment and experimental diet to assess palm ruff larval requirements, and has a positive impact on fish larvae performance.

Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid enrichment in Artemia feed on the growth, survival, and fatty acid composition of Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ) larvae

“…This ratio is important for the proper development of the visual capacity of larvae, which is necessary for the efficient capture of prey, which in turn improves larval growth and survival rates (Bell et al, 1995; Furuita et al, 1996; Izquierdo & Koven, 2011; Masuda et al, 1999; Sargent, Bell, et al, 1999; Sargent, McEvoy, et al, 1999; Watanabe et al, 1989). Some fish species, including gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ), Pacific bluefin tuna ( T. orientalis ), California halibut ( Paralichthys californicus ), and palm ruff ( Seriolella violacea ), have shown improvements in survival and growth when fed diets with a DHA/EPA ratio close to 2 (González et al, 2017; Rodríguez et al, 1997; Seoka et al, 2007; Vizcaíno‐Ochoa et al, 2010). However, in our study, a DHA/EPA ratio of 4.01 provided better larval performance that that achieved with other dietary ratios.…”

“…Indeed, there was linear and/or quadratic correlation between dietary DHA levels and the tissue composition of oleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, and DHA. It is known that the DHA content in fish larvae, such as striped trumpeter ( Latris lineata ), gilthead sea bream ( S. aurata ), palm ruff ( S. violacea ), and Senegal sole ( Solea senegalensis ), reflects the DHA concentration in their diets (Boglino et al, 2012; Bransden et al, 2005; González et al, 2017; Koven et al, 2001). These results are closely related to the efficient mass production of larval fish because the DHA content in tissues can have positive effects at the cellular and behavioural levels as well as improve tolerance to stress in culture environments (González et al, 2017; Lund et al, 2012).…”

“…It is known that the DHA content in fish larvae, such as striped trumpeter ( Latris lineata ), gilthead sea bream ( S. aurata ), palm ruff ( S. violacea ), and Senegal sole ( Solea senegalensis ), reflects the DHA concentration in their diets (Boglino et al, 2012; Bransden et al, 2005; González et al, 2017; Koven et al, 2001). These results are closely related to the efficient mass production of larval fish because the DHA content in tissues can have positive effects at the cellular and behavioural levels as well as improve tolerance to stress in culture environments (González et al, 2017; Lund et al, 2012). Therefore, the optimal dietary DHA level is positively correlated with DHA content in larvae and with better growth performance (Izquierdo et al, 2013; Roo et al, 2019; Villalta et al, 2005; Vizcaíno‐Ochoa et al, 2010).…”

“…High mortality during early larval rearing is a common problem for most marine fish (González et al, 2017; Roo et al, 2019; Yamamoto et al, 2009). The nutrition obtained by larvae from live prey is critical to the success of various development periods such as metamorphosis (Hamre et al, 2013; Holt et al, 2011).…”

“…The nutrition obtained by larvae from live prey is critical to the success of various development periods such as metamorphosis (Hamre et al, 2013; Holt et al, 2011). To meet these nutritional requirements, the most convenient and cost‐effective method is the use of enriched Artemia , which are species‐specific (Chen et al, 2007; González et al, 2017; Hamre et al, 2013).…”