Survival and virulence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in water microcosms

Madetoja, Jari; Nystedt, Staffan; Wıklund, Tom

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01061.x

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Potential mechanisms include fish and bird migrations but airborne dissemination may be another possibility. Indeed, F. psychrophilum is able to survive in pure water [39] and freshwater bacteria -including Flavobacteriaceae - were recently sampled in the upper troposphere [40]. Alternatively, genetic mixing can involve a succession of more frequent small-distance steps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum at whole-country and model river levels in Japan

Fujiwara-Nagata

Chantry-Darmon

Bernardet

et al. 2013

Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a serious problem for salmonid farming worldwide. This study investigates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) the population structure of this pathogen in Japan where it is also a major concern for ayu, a popular game fish related to salmoniforms. A total of 34 isolates collected across the country and 80 isolates sampled in a single model river by electrofishing were genotyped. The data accounting for 15 fish species allowed identifying 35 distinct sequence types (ST) in Japan. These ST are distinct from those reported elsewhere, except for some ST found in rainbow trout and coho salmon, two fish that have been the subject of intensive international trade. The pattern of polymorphism is, however, strikingly similar across geographical scales (model river, Japan, world) in terms of the fraction of molecular variance linked to the fish host (~50%) and of pairwise nucleotide diversity between ST (~5 Kbp-1). These observations go against the hypothesis of a recent introduction of F. psychrophilum in Japan. Two findings were made that are important for disease control: 1) at least two independent F. psychrophilum lineages infect ayu and 2) co-infections of the same individual fish by different strains occur.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum at whole-country and model river levels in Japan

Fujiwara-Nagata

Chantry-Darmon

Bernardet

et al. 2013

Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…F. psychrophilum can survive in stream water for months and adopts a different morphology apparently to withstand the conditions of starvation [45]. Madetoja et al [46] showed that F. psychrophilum cells in freshwater at 15°C remained culturable through 300 days. Attachment to n-hexadecane and unfertilized eggs was significantly greater by F. psychrophilum cells maintained in either stream water or cytophaga broth for 1 month, in contrast to cells from 3-day-old cultures in cytophaga broth [45].…”

Section: Epizootiology and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bacterial coldwater disease of fishes caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Starliper

2011

Journal of Advanced Research

198

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coldwater disease (CWD) is a bacterial disease that affects a broad host-species range of fishes that inhabit cold, fresh waters. This disease occurs predominately at water temperatures of 16°C and below, and is most prevalent and severe at 10°C and below. Coldwater disease occurs in cultured and free-ranging populations, with hatchery-reared young trout and salmon species especially vulnerable to infections. Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of CWD. This Gram-negative bacterium may be recovered from affected host tissues and characterized using standard biochemical techniques, providing that reduced nutrient media are used. There are numerous reports that describe sensitive and specific serologic and genomic diagnostic techniques for CWD. The entire genome of a virulent isolate of F. psychrophilum has been sequenced and described. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry syndrome is also caused by F. psychrophilum with mortalities >50% possible among affected fish lots. Evidence suggests that pathogen transmission occurs both horizontally and vertically. Analogous to many diseases to other animals, prevention and control are essential to avoid losses to CWD, particularly since there is currently no commercially available vaccine and a limited number of antimicrobials have been approved for treating food fish worldwide. This review provides current host and geographic ranges of the pathogen, and covers epizootiology, transmission, pathogenicity, diagnostics, and prevention and treatment.

show abstract

“…Greater studies are also required to investigate the presence and role of this VBNC state in microbial pathogens that cause disease in the aquatic natural setting such as in fish.Taking for example, Flavobacterium psychrophilum , the causative agent of rainbow trout fly syndrome and cold water disease in salmonids, where subpopulations were still culturable after starvation for 300 days in sterilised fresh water. The virulence of starved F. psychrophilum was maintained for at least 7 days after the transfer of the bacterial cells to fresh water [37]. The VNBC state was earlier reported for this fish pathogen by Madetoja and Wiklund [38] who revealed differences between enumeration using advanced immunoflourescence and genetic probes (i.e., nested PCR) compared to that of using traditional agar plate cultivation.…”

Section: Viable But Nonculturable Forms Of Waterborne Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 98%

Defining Established and Emerging Microbial Risks in the Aquatic Environment: Current Knowledge, Implications, and Outlooks

Rowan

2011

International Journal of Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This timely review primarily addresses important but presently undefined microbial risks to public health and to the natural environment. It specifically focuses on current knowledge, future outlooks and offers some potential alleviation strategies that may reduce or eliminate the risk of problematic microbes in their viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and Cryptosporidium oocysts in the aquatic environment. As emphasis is placed on water quality, particularly surrounding efficacy of decontamination at the wastewater treatment plant level, this review also touches upon other related emerging issues, namely, the fate and potential ecotoxicological impact of untreated antibiotics and other pharmaceutically active compounds in water. Deciphering best published data has elucidated gaps between science and policy that will help stakeholders work towards the European Union's Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), which provides an ambitious legislative framework for water quality improvements within its region and seeks to restore all water bodies to “good ecological status” by 2015. Future effective risk-based assessment and management, post definition of the plethora of dynamic inter-related factors governing the occurrence, persistence and/or control of these presently undefined hazards in water will also demand exploiting and harnessing tangential advances in allied disciplines such as mathematical and computer modeling that will permit efficient data generation and transparent reporting to be undertaken by well-balanced consortia of stakeholders.

show abstract

Survival and virulence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in water microcosms

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Population structure of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum at whole-country and model river levels in Japan

Population structure of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum at whole-country and model river levels in Japan

Bacterial coldwater disease of fishes caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Defining Established and Emerging Microbial Risks in the Aquatic Environment: Current Knowledge, Implications, and Outlooks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About