Survival Experience and its Predictors among TB/HIV Co-infected Patients in Southwest Ethiopia

Hailay, Abrha; Tsehayneh, Birtukan; Massa, Desalegn; Tesfay, Amanuel; Kahsay, Hafte

doi:10.4172/2161-1165.1000191

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Older age 0.79 (95% CI=0.71 -0.84, p-value =0.006), male gender 0.78 (95% CI=0.70 -0.84, p-value = 0.001), relapse TB patients 0.37 (95% CI=0.15 -0.60, p-values=0.001) and TB/HIV co-infection 0.51 (95% CI=0.35 -0.66, p-value =0.001) showed a poorer survival probability. This is consistent with findings reported by other studies; older age [3,4,19], male gender [3,4], relapse TB patients [3], and TB/HIV co-infection [4,26]. The low survival rate of men could probably be explained by the fact that more men in the study area are exposed to risk factors of TB such as smoking, alcohol use and other occupational hazards than their female counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Long-term survival experience of tuberculosis patients in a rural district of Ghana

Martin Badagda Lugutuah,

Edmund Baah-Akyeamfour,

Daniel Boateng

et al. 2024

Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch.

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There are limited epidemiological studies on the survival of Tuberculosis (TB) patients in Ghana despite the high endemicity of TB in the country. The present study estimated the overall survival time of TB patients and developed a model to determine co-variates associated with death. This was a retrospective cohort study that employed a complete enumeration technique to review patient data from the TB register of the Ajumako Enyan Essiam District, Central Region, Ghana, between August and October 2023. All patients registered for TB care between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2022, excluding patients with incomplete data and drug-resistant cases were included. We applied descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Log-rank test, and a Cox proportional hazard model for multivariate analysis. Out of the 226 eligible patients, 149 (65.9%) were males, 205 (90.7%) were new cases and 37 (17.3%) were TB/HIV co-infected. Those who experienced death were 37 (16.4%), with an overall survival time of 5.5 months (95% CI = 5.4 – 5.7). Older age (aHR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.1-6.3), male gender (aHR=4.9; 95% CI: 1.7-14.3), relapsed TB patients (aHR=5.2; 95% CI: 2.4-10.9), and TB/HIV co-infected patients (aHR=7.1; 95% CI: 3.6-13.9) were implicated as plausible predictors for survival time to death of TB patients. We concluded there was a significantly low overall survival time for older age, male gender, relapsed TB patients, and TB/HIV co-infected patients. The provision of enhanced training for targeted health professionals and tailored community awareness creation can boost early case detection, treatment adherence, and improve overall survival.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Long-term survival experience of tuberculosis patients in a rural district of Ghana

Martin Badagda Lugutuah,

Edmund Baah-Akyeamfour,

Daniel Boateng

et al. 2024

Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch.

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“…The socio-demographic results in this study were similar to the results reported in the study among Pulmonary TB in Kelantan in 2011 in terms of gender, race, occupation status and smoking status, but contradict in terms of residency and death rate (Ronaidi et al, 2011). Among these 667 cases, 82.8% new TB cases were reported, which was similar to that observed in 2010 to 2012 among TB/HIV co-infected patients in Southwest Ethiopia (85.2%) (Abrha et al, 2015) and among TB/HIV co-infected patients in rural South Africa (84.9%) (Jacobson et al, 2015). However, it was lower compared to the study among Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Kelantan (90.0%) (Ronaidi et al, 2011) and the study among TB patients in Malaysian National TB Surveillance Database in 2012 (93.6%) (Liew et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Socio-Demographic Profile and Prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment Outcomes among Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) Co-Infected Patients in Kelantan

Nor¹,

Husin²,

Jaeb³

et al. 2021

JST

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In Kelantan, the prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rate among TB/HIV co-infection is still below the success target of the World Health Organisation (WHO). Our objective was to assess the socio-demographic profile and determine the prevalence of TB treatment outcomes among TB/HIV co-infected patients in Kelantan. The cross-sectional study involved secondary data from the MyTB online system from January 2014 to December 2018, carried out at TB/Leprosy Sector, State Health Department of Kelantan. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0 and STATA version 14. The ethics approval was obtained from the UniSZA Human Research Ethics Committee (UHREC) and Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC) of Ministry of Health (MOH). There were 6,313 TB cases in Kelantan. Of these, 703 (11.1%) cases were TB/HIV co-infection. However, 36 cases were excluded, and 667 cases were evaluated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean (SD) age was 38.7 (7.9) years, and the mean duration of TB treatment was 202.8 (131.27) days. The prevalence of successful treatment was 57.1%, with 19.8% cases were cured, and another 37.3% cases were completed treatment. While the unsuccessful were 42.9%, with 10.1% cases were defaulted, and 32.8% cases died. The successful outcomes were significantly associated with the educational level, the anatomy of TB location, smoking status, DOTS by health care providers, source of notification, the place of treatment and method of detection. This study provides the basic data of patient’s socio-demographic profiles, and the prevalence of TB treatment success in Kelantan is under international target by WHO of ≥ 90.0%.

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“…However, studies have identified gender inequality, observing that women with low income and schooling, who had monogamous relationships throughout their lives, were at risk of a delayed diagnosis of HIV/AIDS [48]; this phenomenon was also observed in the USA, where female patients at risk of delayed HIV diagnosis were poorer, non-urban, and possibly exposed to HIV heterosexually [49], which may be associated with the findings of the present study. There is little evidence to explain this result regarding the gender difference from the individual perspective in terms of TB mortality, but the results may also be associated with a low CD4 count, not receiving antiretroviral therapy or undergoing cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy, being a female sex worker, being older, and being bedridden [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival time among patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis, the precocious deaths and associated factors in southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Background A diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) does not mean that the disease will be treated successfully, since death may occur even among those who are known to the health services. Here, we aimed to analyze patient survival time from the diagnosis of TB to death, precocious deaths, and associated factors in southern Brazil. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study with patients who were diagnosed with TB and who died due to the disease between 2008 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The starting point for measuring survival time was the patient’s diagnosis date. Techniques for survival analysis were employed, including the Kaplan-Meier test and Cox’s regression. A mixed-effect model was applied for identifying the associated factors to precocious deaths. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. We defined p value <0.05 as statistically significant for all statistics applied. Results One hundred forty-six patients were included in the survival analysis, observing a median survival time of 23.5 days. We observed that alcoholism (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.04-2.30) and being male (HR=6.49, 95% CI=1.03-2.68) were associated with death. The chance of precocious death within 60 days was 10.48 times greater than the chance of early death within 30 days. Conclusion Most of the deaths occurred within 2 months after the diagnosis, during the intensive phase of the treatment. The use of alcohol and gender were associated with death, revealing inequality between men and women. This study advanced knowledge regarding the vulnerability associated with mortality. These findings must be addressed to fill a gap in the care cascades for active TB and ensure equity in health.

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Survival Experience and its Predictors among TB/HIV Co-infected Patients in Southwest Ethiopia

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Long-term survival experience of tuberculosis patients in a rural district of Ghana

Long-term survival experience of tuberculosis patients in a rural district of Ghana

Socio-Demographic Profile and Prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment Outcomes among Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) Co-Infected Patients in Kelantan

Survival time among patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis, the precocious deaths and associated factors in southern Brazil

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