Survival in Cats with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease (2000–2002)

Abstract

Background: Duration of survival of cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease (CKD) is poorly characterized. Hypothesis: Stage of kidney disease based on serum creatinine concentration (SCr) at the time of diagnosis and after correction of prerenal azotemia is strongly associated with duration of survival in cats.Animals: Two hundred and eleven client-owned cats with naturally occurring CKD evaluated between April 2000 and January 2002.Methods: Retrospective case review of 733 cats with SCr 4 2.3 mg/dL. Examination of the medical records identified 211 cats that met all other inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. Clinical characteristics, clinicopathologic data, and survival times were extracted from the medical record. Owners and referring veterinarians were contacted by phone to obtain follow-up if it was not documented in the record. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were performed to determine survival times for International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage both at diagnosis and at baseline (ie, after correction of prerenal azotemia).Results: Median survival for cats in IRIS stage IIb at the time of diagnosis was 1,151 days (range 2-3,107), and was longer than survival in stage III (median 778, range 22-2,100) or stage IV (median 103, range 1-1,920) (P-value o .0001). P-value for effect of stage at diagnosis was o.0001.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: IRIS stage of CKD based on serum creatinine at the time of diagnosis is strongly predictive of survival in cats with naturally occurring CKD.

Relationship between Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor‐23 Concentration and Survival Time in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Plasma creatinine concentration, UPC, and PCV were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in the present study. Plasma creatinine concentration was found to be associated with survival time in this, and in previous studies of cats with CKD,17, 31, 36 and median survival times for each IRIS stage in this study are similar to those reported previously 16, 37. UPC has previously been shown to be an independent predictor of survival time in cats with CKD,31 and in this study being classified as borderline proteinuric (UPC 0.2–0.4) or proteinuric (UPC > 0.4) under the IRIS proteinuria classification scheme6 was associated with a greater than 2‐times increase in risk of death.…”

“…Median survival time for cats in this study was 367 [147, 813] days, which is similar to other reports in the literature 16, 31, 35. Plasma creatinine concentration, UPC, and PCV were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in the present study.…”

“…Phosphate might have direct deleterious effects on the kidney by causing nephrocalcinosis,21 and indirect effects by initiating CKD‐MBD development. Plasma phosphate concentration is independently associated with risk of death in a meta‐analysis of human CKD patients,22 and to be an independent predictor of survival time16, 17 in cats with CKD. In the present study, plasma phosphate was associated with survival time in univariable analyses, but was not an independent predictor of survival time when FGF‐23 was also included.…”

Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats

“…Persian, Abyssinian, Siamese, Ragdoll, Maine coon but the current evidence base for these breed predispositions is low. 5,24,25 Similarly although the study above suggested a predisposition in neutered male cats, overall other studies have not supported a sex predisposition.…”

Rapid Detection of Cat Cystatin C (cCys-C) Using Immuno-Pillar Chips

“…2 Diagnosis of renal dysfunction in the early stage is essential for preventing or delaying additional renal damage. 3,4 A direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the gold standard for evaluating kidney function. 5 However the measurement is expensive and time-consuming.…”