Survival of certain naturally acquired freshwater parasites of juvenile sockeye salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i> (Walbaum), in hosts held in fresh and sea water, and implications for their use as population tags

Bailey, R. E.; Margolis, L.; Workman, G.

doi:10.1139/z89-252

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Unsegmented Eubothrium sp. (in fresh water) was observed by Bailey et al (1989) in sockeye salmon kept in the laboratory for 8 months without any possibility for new infections, which is in accordance with the findings of the present study. All salmon used in the present study were experimentally infected by procercoids at the same time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Experimental infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with marine Eubothrium sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): observations on the life cycle, aspects of development and growth of the parasite

Saksvik¹,

Nylund²,

Nilsen³

et al. 2001

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract. The life cycle of marine Eubothrium sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea), from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was experimentally completed in one year and included only one intermediate host (Acartia tonsa Dana) (Copepoda: Calanoida). Adult cestodes were collected from farmed salmon, and ripe eggs released by the cestodes were fed to Acartia tonsa. Ingested eggs hatched in the gut and the larvae developed in the haemocoel of the copepod for 15 days at 16°C. A total of 170 seawaterreared salmon were exposed to infected copepods and the total prevalence of Eubothrium sp. in the salmon after infection was 95.3%, with a mean intensity of 15.0 (range 1-87). The infected salmon were kept in the laboratory where the growth of the cestodes was studied for eleven months. Mean length of the cestodes increased with time, but a large variation among the cestodes was observed. Growth and maturation of the cestodes were dependent on host size and the number of worms present in the intestine. No evidence of mortality of Eubothrium sp. was observed during the experimental period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This study suggests that the two life cycles may not be completely separate. This is also supported by the fact that E. crassum has been observed to survive in sockeye salmon smolts for 7 months (Bailey et al 1989) and in salmon smolts for at least 3 months after sea water transfer (pers. obs.).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Experimental infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with marine Eubothrium sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): observations on the life cycle, aspects of development and growth of the parasite

Saksvik¹,

Nylund²,

Nilsen³

et al. 2001

FOLIA PARASIT

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“…and Proteocephalus sp. and the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus salmonis in intestine were observed between the host sockeye salmon (O. nerka) smolts held in freshwater or saltwater (Bailey et al, 1989). In freshwater at 10 C, the endohelminth Anisakis larvae when removed from the host and the nematode cysts in vitro can survive more than 2 mo (Mö ller, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A long stay would reduce survival of the freshwater parasites in salt water or marine parasites in freshwater. The mean intensity of 1 freshwater ectoparasite and 2 endoparasites in Oncorhynchus nerka decreased when reared in seawater for 32-40 wk (Bailey et al, 1989). Survival time of the nematode larva Anguillicoloides crassus in intermediate and paratenic hosts was maximal in freshwater and declined with an increase in salinity (Kirk et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 98%

Richness and Diversity of Helminth Communities In the Japanese Grenadier Anchovy, Coilia nasus, During Its Anadromous Migration In the Yangtze River, China

Zou

et al. 2012

Journal of Parasitology

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To determine the relationship between the species richness, diversity of helminth communities, and migration distance during upward migration from coast to freshwater, helminth communities in the anadromous fish Coilia nasus were investigated along the coast of the East China Sea, the Yangtze Estuary, and 3 localities on the Yangtze River. Six helminth species were found in 224 C. nasus. Changes in salinity usually reduced the survival time of parasites, and thus the number of helminth species and their abundance. Except for the 2 dominant helminths, the acanthocephalan Acanthosentis cheni and the nematode Contracaecum sp., mean abundance of other 4 species of helminths was rather low (,1.0) during the upward migration in the Yangtze River. Mean abundance of the 2 dominant helminths peaked in the Yangtze Estuary and showed no obvious decrease among the 3 localities on the Yangtze River. Mean species richness, Brillouin's index, and Shannon index were also highest in the estuary (1.93 ± 0.88, 0.28 ± 0.25, and 0.37 ± 0.34, respectively) and did not exhibit marked decline at the 3 localities on the Yangtze River. A significant negative correlation was not seen between the similarity and the geographical distance (R 5 20.5104, P 5 0.1317). The strong salinity tolerance of intestinal helminths, relatively brief stay in the Yangtze River, and large amount of feeding on small fish and shrimp when commencing spawning migration perhaps were responsible for the results.The anadromous Japanese grenadier anchovy, Coilia nasus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), is distributed in the northwestern Pacific. The fish usually feeds and overwinters in the coastal waters and spawns in freshwater. When the anchovy population distributed in coasts of the East China Sea commences migration, the fish can be first found in the Yangtze Estuary in February and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in April (Yuan et al., 1980;Yuan, 1987;Li et al., 2007). The anchovy returns to the coasts when spawning is completed from April to October in the same year in the Yangtze River (Yuan et al., 1980;Yuan, 1987;Li et al., 2007).With adaptation of fish to a decline of salinity, parasites in the fish also need to cope with changes in the osmotic pressure. A long stay would reduce survival of the freshwater parasites in salt water or marine parasites in freshwater. The mean intensity of 1 freshwater ectoparasite and 2 endoparasites in Oncorhynchus nerka decreased when reared in seawater for 32-40 wk (Bailey et al., 1989). Survival time of the nematode larva Anguillicoloides crassus in intermediate and paratenic hosts was maximal in freshwater and declined with an increase in salinity (Kirk et al., 2000). Populations of the freshwater monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar declined and became extinct when salinity increased from 7.5% to 33.0% after a few minutes (Soleng and Bakke, 1997). Although some Anisakis spp. larvae with high salinity tolerance survived for more than half a year in freshwater, some survived less than...

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“…Margolis and Boyce (1969), Moller (1976), and Bailey et al (1989) observed the longevity of parasite infections in fish in the laboratory, and their results can be used as a guide to the likely longevity of certain parasites in the field.…”

Section: Criteria For Suitable Parasite Tagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappraisal of the use of parasites for fish stock identification

Lester¹

1990

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Analysis of the geographical distributions of parasites is an excellent source of information about the movement of host fish. Occasionally such analysis can also allow us to discriminate between fish populations, though unequivocal discrimination usually requires methods with a genetic basis. In assessing fish movement, parasites have two advantages over conventional tags: they can more readily detect mass migration and, because the fish only have to be caught once, the data are usually cheaper to obtain. The most important criterion in selecting a parasite to be used as a tag is its longevity in the fish; short-lived parasites give information on short-term movements of the fish, long-lived parasites on more extensive migrations.

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Survival of certain naturally acquired freshwater parasites of juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), in hosts held in fresh and sea water, and implications for their use as population tags

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with marine Eubothrium sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): observations on the life cycle, aspects of development and growth of the parasite

Experimental infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with marine Eubothrium sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): observations on the life cycle, aspects of development and growth of the parasite

Richness and Diversity of Helminth Communities In the Japanese Grenadier Anchovy, Coilia nasus, During Its Anadromous Migration In the Yangtze River, China

Reappraisal of the use of parasites for fish stock identification

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