Survival of Herring Gull Larus argentatus chicks: an experimental analysis of the need for early breeding

Brouwer, A.; Spaans, Arie L.; Wit, Alle A. N. De

doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1995.tb03249.x

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is not possible to manipulate only the timing of breeding and, at the same time, leave other aspects of breeding unaffected. In some experiments on the timing of breeding, clutches of early‐ and late‐breeding individuals have been exchanged (e.g., Brinkhof et al 1993, Norris 1993, Brouwer et al 1995), or females have been forced to lay another clutch by the removal of first clutches (e.g., Verhulst et al 1995). Here, the incubation period of delayed females was prolonged with the same method that Wiggins and his co‐workers (1994) used with the Collared Flycatcher, a very close relative of the Pied Flycatcher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitation of Reproductive Success by Food Availability and Breeding Time in Pied Flycatchers

Siikamäki

1998

Ecology

151

109

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Seasonal variation in reproductive success is a common phenomenon in many taxa. In birds, the costs and benefits associated with alternative breeding dates cause variation in clutch size, which is a main cause of seasonal decline in reproductive success. An immediate cause for this might be seasonal variation in the environment, or alternatively, but not mutually exclusively, date‐independent differences in the parental/territory quality of early and late parents. The predictions of these hypotheses on seasonal reduction of reproductive success were tested by manipulating the hatching date and the amount of food during the nestling period of Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Delay in the hatching date caused lower fledging mass and lower fledging production, suggesting a causal relationship between breeding time and reproductive success. However, if delayed parents were provided with extra food, their success was the same as that of the controls. This suggests that deteriorating food supplies and/or higher energy demands for rearing the brood later in the season are important causes of the lower success of late breeders. Additionally, parental molt was affected by manipulation of both breeding date and food; delayed parents often began molting while still feeding young, but control parents generally did not. Furthermore, fledglings in the delayed group weighed less if their fathers began molting while feeding the young. This implies that parents traded off their onset of molt against the time and energy needed for their brood. These results support the view that timing‐related energy constraints on breeding are important causes of seasonal decline in clutch size and reproductive success.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitation of Reproductive Success by Food Availability and Breeding Time in Pied Flycatchers

Siikamäki

1998

Ecology

151

109

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“…In some experiments on the timing of breeding, clutches of early-and late-breeding individuals have been exchanged (e.g., Brinkhof et al 1993, Norris 1993, Brouwer et al 1995, or females have been forced to lay another clutch by the removal of first clutches (e.g., Verhulst et al 1995). In some experiments on the timing of breeding, clutches of early-and late-breeding individuals have been exchanged (e.g., Brinkhof et al 1993, Norris 1993, Brouwer et al 1995, or females have been forced to lay another clutch by the removal of first clutches (e.g., Verhulst et al 1995).…”

Section: Confounding Factors?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitation of Reproductive Success by Food Availability and Breeding Time in Pied Flycatchers

Siikamäki¹

1998

Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology.Abstract. Seasonal variation in reproductive success is a common phenomenon in many taxa. In birds, the costs and benefits associated with alternative breeding dates cause variation in clutch size, which is a main cause of seasonal decline in reproductive success. An immediate cause for this might be seasonal variation in the environment, or alternatively, but not mutually exclusively, date-independent differences in the parental/territory quality of early and late parents. The predictions of these hypotheses on seasonal reduction of reproductive success were tested by manipulating the hatching date and the amount of food during the nestling period of Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Delay in the hatching date caused lower fledging mass and lower fledging production, suggesting a causal relationship between breeding time and reproductive success. However, if delayed parents were provided with extra food, their success was the same as that of the controls. This suggests that deteriorating food supplies and/or higher energy demands for rearing the brood later in the season are important causes of the lower success of late breeders. Additionally, parental molt was affected by manipulation of both breeding date and food; delayed parents often began molting while still feeding young, but control parents generally did not. Furthermore, fledglings in the delayed group weighed less if their fathers began molting while feeding the young. This implies that parents traded off their onset of molt against the time and energy needed for their brood. These results support the view that timing-related energy constraints on breeding are important causes of seasonal decline in clutch size and reproductive success.

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“…This seasonal decline in breeding performance can be partly explained by parental quality (Brouwer et al 1995;Forslund and Pa¨rt 1995;de Forest and Gaston 1996) or the deterioration of food availability or quality (Hedgren and Linnman 1979;Birkhead and Nettleship 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes of the at‐sea distribution and food provisioning in rhinoceros auklets

Deguchi

Wada

Watanuki

et al. 2009

Ecological Research

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Central-place foraging seabirds increase foodloads and decrease meal frequency when they forage in areas that are distant from the breeding colony. In 2001-2002, we studied the seasonal changes in at-sea distribution, food-load mass, meal frequency, and fledging mass in rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata), which forage in coastal waters during the day and feed their chicks at night. In both years, greater numbers of auklets were observed flying in northern waters that are more distant from the colony in June (65 km) and July (65-66 km) than in May (38-47 km). In July of both years, many auklets flew northward across the transect set 65-120 km north of the colony at sunrise; the birds returned south again at sunset, indicating that they foraged in waters outside the study area. This seasonal northward movement of the foraging area may reflect the migration of their main prey item, the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), which move with the Tsushima Warm Current flowing from the southern Sea of Japan. Food-load mass did not increase seasonally. In both years, the estimated daily meal frequency was lower in July than in May or June, partly because of the increased foraging distance in July. Late-hatched chicks also displayed lighter fledging masses than early chicks in both years. We suggest that late breeders are required to forage at great distances for longer periods, which may result in decreased meal frequency and lighter fledging mass of their chicks.

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Survival of Herring Gull Larus argentatus chicks: an experimental analysis of the need for early breeding

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Limitation of Reproductive Success by Food Availability and Breeding Time in Pied Flycatchers

Limitation of Reproductive Success by Food Availability and Breeding Time in Pied Flycatchers

Limitation of Reproductive Success by Food Availability and Breeding Time in Pied Flycatchers

Seasonal changes of the at‐sea distribution and food provisioning in rhinoceros auklets

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