Survival of human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian ocean environment: evidence for virus-inactivating microorganisms

Abstract

The stability of certain human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian ocean environment was examined. The present data indicated that the time for 90% reduction of poliovirus type 1 at 24 ± 1°C in seawater samples obtained from different sites in Hawaii ranged from 24 to 48 h, and complete inactivation occurred within 72 to 96 h. The accumulated evidence also strongly indicated that a virus-inactivating agent(s) of a microbiological nature was present in both clean and sewage-polluted seawaters, but not in fresh, mountain stream waters. The antiviral activity was lost when the seawater samples were subjected to boiling, autoclaving, or filtration through a 0.22or 0.45-,um, but not a 1.0-,um, membrane filter. That the antiviral activity of the seawater was related to the growth activities of microorganisms was corroborated by the observed effects of added nutrients, a lower temperature of incubation, and the presence of certain antibiotics. Other enteric viruses, such as coxsackie virus B-4 and echo virus-7, were also shown to be similarly inactivated in seawater. which receives sewage discharge and stream and stormn water runoffs. As compared with the above coastal water samples, water from Pearl Harbor is characterized by high turbidity, high nutrient level, and in-1105

Novel pharmaceutical compounds from marine bacteria

“…V . marinus, with inactivation of enteroviruses , Magnussen et al 1967Fujioka et al 1980). Similar inhibitory traits have been attributed to Flauobacterium (Katzenelson 1978), Pseudomonas and unnamed Vibrio (Toranzo et al 1982).…”

Survival of human enteric viruses in the environment and food

“…Under those experimental conditions the time required for 90% reduction (decimal reduction time) of poliovirus type 1 was 48 h, and complete inactivation was estimated to require 72-120 h. There was evidence to suggest that a virus-inactivating agent(s) of a biological nature was present in both the ''clean'' and sewage-polluted waters. A follow-up study [23] corroborated this evidence in that the antiviral activity of seawater samples was lost when they were subjected to boiling, autoclaving, or filtration.…”

Viral dynamics II: a model of the interaction of ultraviolet light and mixing processes on virus survival in seawater

“…Other organisms can inactivate viruses by a variety of mechanisms (e.g. Zachary 1976, Fujioka et al 1980, Toranzo et al 1982. Bacterial exoenzymes can be photolytically cleaved by UV-B (Herndl et al 1993), possibly reducing their ability to inactivate viruses.…”