SURVIVAL OF MYCORRHIZA FORMED BY <i>CENOCOCCUM GEOPHILUM</i> FR. IN DRY SOILS

Pigott, C. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03409.x

Cited by 118 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Its dominance in summer could be explained by a better ability to resist water stress. as suggested by previous studies (27,46). The dominance of C. geophilum in winter has also been reported (5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Temporal Changes in the Ectomycorrhizal Community in Two Soil Horizons of a Temperate Oak Forest

Courty

Franc

Pierrat

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

145

105

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The species structure of an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community was assessed monthly for 15 months in the two horizons (A1 and A2) of an oak temperate forest in northeastern France. Ectomycorrhizal species were identified each month by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Seventy-five fungal symbionts were identified. The community was dominated by Tomentellaceae, Russulaceae, Cortinariaceae, and Boletales. Four species are abundant in the study site: Lactarius quietus, Tomentella sublilacina, Cenococcum geophilum, and Russula sp1. The relative abundance of each species varied depending on the soil horizon and over time. Some species, such as L. quietus, were present in the A1 and A2 horizons. C. geophilum was located particularly in the A2 horizon, whereas T. sublilacina was more abundant in A1. Some species, such as Clavulina sp., were detected in winter, while T. sublilacina and L. quietus were present all year long. Our results support the hypothesis that a rapid turnover of species composition of the ECM community occurs over the course of a month. The spatial and temporal unequal distribution of ECM species could be explained by their ecological preferences, driven by such factors as root longevity, competition for resources, and resistance to environmental variability.The fine roots of social tree species in temperate and boreal forests are symbiotically associated with fungi (52), forming composite organs called ectomycorrhizas (ECM). The ECM fungi play a crucial role in tree health by enhancing the nutrient acquisition, drought tolerance, and pathogen resistance of their hosts. ECMs efficiently take up water and organic and inorganic nutrients from the soil via the extramatricial mycelium and translocate these to colonized tree roots, receiving carbohydrates from the host in return (52). Most of the ectomycorrhizal roots are located in the top 20 centimeters of the soil, an area which is enriched in organic matter and where nutrients are concentrated (50). The ECM fungal community is species rich at the forest stand level, where hundreds of different fungal symbionts can be identified by morphotyping and DNA-based molecular methods (13,17,36,56).Beside its species composition, the structure is an important characteristic of the ECM community. Differences in ECM community structure on different scales are well documented: on the ecosystem scale (postdisturbance or postplanting successions) and along forest dynamics (4, 28, 56, 65), on the seasonal scale (6,8,20,33,54), and along spatial dimensions (vertical scale [13,14,24,49] and horizontal scale [36,58]). In a microsite or on a forest strand scale, species are distributed neither uniformly nor randomly but rather are aggregated in patches or distributed along gradients (9,12,19,24,44). The spatial heterogeneity of communities is important in terms of succession, adaptation, maintenance of species diversity, interspecific competition, and community stability (38). A spatial niche differentiation of ECM species and of ECM exploration types (1) could be du...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Temporal Changes in the Ectomycorrhizal Community in Two Soil Horizons of a Temperate Oak Forest

Courty

Franc

Pierrat

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

145

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The first two peaks occurred during the growing season and corresponded to dates with the highest EM rhizomorph production, suggesting a rapid response of EM fungi to pulse rain events. This supports earlier findings by Pigott (1982) that certain EM fungi can withstand desiccation in an inactive state, making them ready to respond quickly to rewetting events. Additionally, EM rhizomorphs can be maintained through dry periods by hydraulicallyredistributed water (Querejeta et al 2003(Querejeta et al , 2007(Querejeta et al , 2009, in which EM fungi associated with hosts performing hydraulic lift receive water from their host tree, and transfer this water to mycelium and rhizomorphs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Using soil sensing technology to examine interactions and controls between ectomycorrhizal growth and environmental factors on soil CO2 dynamics

2009

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Soils play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, yet the biophysical factors regulating soil CO 2 dynamics remain unclear. We combined high-frequency in situ observations of fine roots and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi with data from multiple soil sensor arrays to examine the biophysical interactions influencing soil CO 2 production for one year in a mixed conifer forest. Using structural equation modeling we constructed a hypothesized model to test for causal interactions among environmental factors, biotic factors, and soil CO 2 dynamics throughout the soil profile. According to our model, seasonal variation in CO 2 production was significantly influenced by EM rhizomorph production, soil temperature, and soil moisture. Fine root production, on the other hand, did not appear to significantly influence soil CO 2 production. The relationship between EM rhizomorph production and soil CO 2 production was also supported by a zero temporal lag between these two measurements in a cross-correlation analysis. In contrast, CO 2 production increased before fine root production suggesting that these two measurements were decoupled in time. Results from this study highlight the need to better understand differences in carbon allocation between plant roots and EM fungi to improve our predictions of soil carbon dynamics under global climate change.

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“…They emphasized that some fungal traits perform dual roles as response and effect traits; in these cases, mediation of ecosystem responses to the environment by fungal communities should be relatively straightforward to predict. For instance, mycorrhizal fungi with melanized cell walls tend to persist better under drought stress (43). In turn, melanized cell walls can be relatively resistant to decomposition (44)(45)(46).…”

Section: Linkages Among Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Traits That Drive Ecosystem Dynamics on Land

Treseder

Lennon

2015

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

459

322

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SUMMARY Fungi contribute extensively to a wide range of ecosystem processes, including decomposition of organic carbon, deposition of recalcitrant carbon, and transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about physiological and morphological traits of fungi that directly influence these processes, and we describe the functional genes that encode these traits. In addition, we synthesize information from 157 whole fungal genomes in order to determine relationships among selected functional genes within fungal taxa. Ecosystem-related traits varied most at relatively coarse taxonomic levels. For example, we found that the maximum amount of variance for traits associated with carbon mineralization, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, and stress tolerance could be explained at the levels of order to phylum. Moreover, suites of traits tended to co-occur within taxa. Specifically, the genetic capacities for traits that improve stress tolerance—β-glucan synthesis, trehalose production, and cold-induced RNA helicases—were positively related to one another, and they were more evident in yeasts. Traits that regulate the decomposition of complex organic matter—lignin peroxidases, cellobiohydrolases, and crystalline cellulases—were also positively related, but they were more strongly associated with free-living filamentous fungi. Altogether, these relationships provide evidence for two functional groups: stress tolerators, which may contribute to soil carbon accumulation via the production of recalcitrant compounds; and decomposers, which may reduce soil carbon stocks. It is possible that ecosystem functions, such as soil carbon storage, may be mediated by shifts in the fungal community between stress tolerators and decomposers in response to environmental changes, such as drought and warming.

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SURVIVAL OF MYCORRHIZA FORMED BY CENOCOCCUM GEOPHILUM FR. IN DRY SOILS

Cited by 118 publications

References 10 publications

Temporal Changes in the Ectomycorrhizal Community in Two Soil Horizons of a Temperate Oak Forest

Temporal Changes in the Ectomycorrhizal Community in Two Soil Horizons of a Temperate Oak Forest

Using soil sensing technology to examine interactions and controls between ectomycorrhizal growth and environmental factors on soil CO2 dynamics

Fungal Traits That Drive Ecosystem Dynamics on Land

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