Survival of Phytophthora nicotianae in citrus rhizosphere

Kaur, Yesmin; Thind, S. K.; Arora, Anita

doi:10.1007/s42161-021-00878-2

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The average growth rate of citrus crops in terms of area and output is approximately 10% and 12.5% per year, respectively (Department of Crop Production, 2020). However, the production of citrus crops in this region is severely constrained by Phytophthora disease which results in gummosis, root and stem rot, leaf chlorosis, defoliation, twig dieback, weak growth flushes and plant death (Chaudhary et al, 2020; Dang et al, 2004; Kaur et al, 2021). This disease has also been reported in various regions worldwide and is responsible for 10%–30% of losses in citrus cultivation (Timmer et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and characterization of Phytophthora species associated with gummosis of citrus in Northern Vietnam

Tran

Vvedensky

et al. 2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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Phytophthora species have long been reported to cause Phytophthora disease in citrus with symptoms of gummosis, root rot and fruit brown rot. Due to the lack of an up‐to‐date investigation of Phytophthora species currently causing the disease in Northern Vietnam, this study aimed to determine the current Phytophthora species associated with the disease in this region. An extensive collection of diseased samples was conducted in the main citrus‐growing areas in Northern Vietnam from 2021 to 2022. Fifty‐four Phytophthora isolates were obtained and initially divided into four groups based on morphological characteristics, including colony morphology, mycelial growth rate and reproductive structures. Representative Phytophthora isolates from each group were then identified as P. palmivora, P. nicotianae, P. citrophthora and P. mekongensis based on the phylogenetic analysis of ITS and cox1 gene sequences. Pathogenicity tests showed that these four Phytophthora species induce gummosis and brown rot on pomelo, orange and lime, with pomelo being the most susceptible, followed by orange and lime, respectively. Koch's postulates were confirmed. All the Phytophthora species were sensitive to various fungicides including mancozeb, metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, fosetyl aluminium, potassium phosphonate and dimethomorph, of which metalaxyl was the most potent inhibitor of colony growth. Our findings provide updated information on the current Phytophthora species associated with gummosis in citrus in Northern Vietnam, with P. mekongensis being recorded for the first time in this region. This will serve as a reference for Phytophthora studies on citrus in the future and for developing an integrated management strategy for Phytophthora disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and characterization of Phytophthora species associated with gummosis of citrus in Northern Vietnam

Tran

Vvedensky

et al. 2023

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…Generally, Phytophthora is parasitic and otherwise non-competitive saprophytes in the soil (Graham and Feichtenberger 2015). Under favorable conditions, and depending on the season, they grow well on nutrients obtained from the living plant and go through repeated cycles of mycelium to sporangia, zoospores and mycelium again (Gyeltshen et al 2021;Kaur et al 2021). High humidity and soil temperature > 10 °C are among the conditions favorable to the development of diseases caused by Phytophthora (Ristaino 2012).…”

Section: Shade Rate and Pfrd Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. nicotianae), P. citrophthora, and P. palmivora (Graham and Timmer 1994;Graham et al 2013;Sawake et al 2022). PFRD is present in all citrus-growing regions worldwide and causes substantial losses, estimated at 10-30% each year (Gade and Lad 2019; Moriya et al 2021; Kaur et al 2021). PFRD symptoms are visible at the graft line, or directly on the neck of ungrafted citrus trees close to the ground (Asim et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characteristics of cocoa-based agroforestry systems can mitigate citrus Phytophthora foot rot disease intensity

MVONDO

NOMO

AMBANG

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Tropical agroforestry systems are recognized as an attractive way to reconcile productivity and ecosystem services without compromising the agrosystem. However, to optimize ecosystem services, the structure of existing agroecosystems must be improved to enhance interactions within them. In this study, we evaluated the combined effect of shade rate and spatial structure of citrus trees in cocoa-based agro-forestry systems (CBAS) on Phytophthora foot rot disease (PFRD). A set of 33 CBAS of 2500 m2 was established in five citrus production basins in the humid forest zones of Cameroon. The citrus spatial structure was analyzed by the Ripley method. Field data, including the specific composition of the experimental plots, the tree’s geographical position, as well as their structural characteristics, were used to reconstruct CBAS in 3D. Subsequently, citrus trees were divided into 9 treatments based on the amount of shade they received (dense shade, light shade, or no shade) and their spatial structure (regular, aggregated, or random) in the CBAS. PFRD intensity was calculated by measuring the extent of the PFRD lesion relative to the circumference of the citrus crown. Citrus trees with a regular spatial structure, and located under dense or light shade showed low PFRD intensity. Citrus trees with an aggregated spatial structure, regardless of their shade situation, as well as those with a random spatial structure and no shade, showed high PFRD intensity compared to all other treatments. These results show that appropriate management of shade rate and spatial structure in CBAS can significantly contribute to the control of PFRD and thus promote citrus production in complex agroforests. For the first time, it is demonstrated that optimizing the combined effect of shade rate and spatial structure of associated trees would allow the design of optimal models of resilient agroforestry systems, capable of self-regulating pests and reducing chemical pesticide use.

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“…This impediment to nutrient transport upward manifests as black spots, leaf wilting, and eventual plant demise. 2 P. nicotianae disperses oospores or chlamydospores into the soil, directly penetrating unwounded plants' roots and stem bases. Attracted by a feeble current, the pathogen congregates on root surfaces, gradually penetrating the epidermis to generate hyphae.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developing at the seedling stage, its mycelium invades the stem’s base, producing dark brown necrosis in the pith. This impediment to nutrient transport upward manifests as black spots, leaf wilting, and eventual plant demise P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Improves the Control Efficacy of Phytophthora nicotianae by Damaging the Cell Membrane System and Promoting Plant Energy Metabolism

Ma,

Xu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Tobacco black shank (TBS), caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, poses a significant threat to tobacco plants. Selenium (Se), recognized as a beneficial trace element for plant growth, exhibited inhibitory effects on P. nicotianae proliferation, disrupting the cell membrane integrity. This action reduced the energy supply and hindered hyphal transport through membrane proteins, ultimately inducing hyphal apoptosis. Application of 8 mg/L Se through leaf spraying resulted in a notable decrease in TBS incidence. Moreover, Se treatment preserved chloroplast structure, elevated chitinase activities, β-1,3-GA, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and increased hormonal content. Furthermore, Se enhanced flavonoid and sugar alcohol metabolite levels while diminishing amino acid and organic acid content. This shift promoted amino acid degradation and flavonoid synthesis. These findings underscore the potential efficacy of Se in safeguarding tobacco and potentially other plants against P. nicotianae.

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Survival of Phytophthora nicotianae in citrus rhizosphere

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Current status and characterization of Phytophthora species associated with gummosis of citrus in Northern Vietnam

Current status and characterization of Phytophthora species associated with gummosis of citrus in Northern Vietnam

Structural characteristics of cocoa-based agroforestry systems can mitigate citrus Phytophthora foot rot disease intensity

Selenium Improves the Control Efficacy of Phytophthora nicotianae by Damaging the Cell Membrane System and Promoting Plant Energy Metabolism

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