Survival of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Diesel Combustion

Tancell, Paul J.; Rhead, M.M.; Pemberton, Robin D.; Braven, J.

doi:10.1021/es00011a025

Cited by 61 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is worth noting that for pure biodiesel (B100), PAHs were still emitted. Previous studies have proposed that PAH emissions can arise from fuel PAH surviving and synthesizing during the combustion process (Tancell et al, 1995;Rhead and Hardy, 2003). The results indicate that thermal synthesis plays an important role for PAH generation in the process of diesel/biodiesel combustion.…”

Section: Influences Of Biodiesel Blending On Pm and Pah Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine

Chien

Huang

Chuang

et al. 2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The influences of different blending percentages of biodiesel on the size distributions of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not well known. In this study, commercial pure petroleum-based diesel (D100) and three biodiesel blends of 20% (B20), 60% (B60), and 100% (B100) were tested in an engine operated on a dynamometer following the US transient-cycle test procedure. PM size distributions were measured with micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) and Nano-MOUDI of 0.01-10 m aerodynamic diameter. The collected samples were extracted then analyzed for PAHs by GC/MS. The results revealed that PM emissions decrease apparently as the blending percentages of biodiesel increase. For D100, B20, B60 and B100, PAH emission factors were 3704, 2720, 1709 and 1514 μg/Hph (horsepower per hour), respectively.Increasing the biodiesel blending percentage reduces the emission of both PAHs and PM. As the blending fractions of biodiesel increased, the PM emissions for the four size ranges decreased. The reductions were significant especially for ultrafine (41.3%) and fine (44.8%) PM. The PAH mass was 32.5%, 32.6%, 34.5%, 30.0% in the ultra-fine size range and 23.8%, 24.3%, 29.2%, 34.5% in the nano size range for D100, B20, B60 and B100, respectively. The addition of biodiesel would cause higher percentages of ultra-fine and nano particulates in exhaust gas. For most biodiesel blending mixtures in the four size ranges, the percentages of PAH emission reduction were higher than those of PM emission. The reduction percentages reached 45.1% and 63.7% for B60, 66.5% and 68.3% for B100, respectively in ultrafine and fine size ranges. The BaPeq emission factors for B100 were 27.2, * Corresponding author. TEL.: +886-423323000 ext. 4451; Fax: +886-423742365E-mail address: hhyang@cyut.edu.tw Chien et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 18-31, 2009 19 49.5, 74.2 and 13.0 g/Hph in nano, ultrafine, fine and coarse size ranges. Biodiesel can reduce both PAH emission factors and the PAH corresponding carcinogenic potency in the full size ranges.

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Section: Influences Of Biodiesel Blending On Pm and Pah Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…(Corrêa and Arbilla, 2006). Reduced PAH emission was caused by the fact that PAHs are derived from unburned fuel and from lubricating oil of physical and/or chemical condensation (Tancell et al, 1995;Miguel et al, 1998) …”

Section: Pm Emissions and Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine

Chien

Huang

Chuang

et al. 2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The major source of methyl-PAHs in emissions is likely to be unburned fuel (Tancell et al, 1995;Williams et al, 1986), and methylphenanthrene and dimethylnaphthalene concentrations (µg g −1 ) in diesel fuel are at least an order of magnitude higher than in gasoline (Zielinska et al, 2004b). While naphthalene is the most abundant PAH in gasoline (Marr et al, 1999;Zielinska et al, 2004b), dimethylnaphthalene concentrations are greater than naphthalene in diesel fuels.…”

Section: Pah Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Understanding sources, concentrations, and transformations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere is important because of their potent mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The measurement of particlebound PAHs by three different methods during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area field campaign in April 2003 presents a unique opportunity for characterization of these compounds and intercomparison of the methods. The three methods are (1) collection and analysis of bulk samples for time-integrated gas-and particle-phase speciation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; (2) aerosol photoionization for fast detection of PAHs on particles' surfaces; and (3) aerosol mass spectrometry for fast analysis of size and chemical composition. This research represents the first time aerosol mass spectrometry has been used to measure ambient PAH concentrations and the first time that fast, real-time methods have been used to quantify PAHs alongside traditional filter-based measurements in an extended field campaign. Speciated PAH measurements suggest that motor vehicles and garbage and wood burning are important sources in Mexico City. The diurnal concentration patterns captured by aerosol photoionization and aerosol mass spectrometry are generally consistent. Ambient concentrations of particlephase PAHs typically peak at ∼110 ng m −3 during the morning rush hour and rapidly decay due to changes in source activity patterns and dilution as the boundary layer rises, although surface-bound PAH concentrations decay faster. The more rapid decrease in surface versus bulk PAH concentraCorrespondence to: L. C. Marr (lmarr@vt.edu) tions during the late morning suggests that freshly emitted combustion-related particles are quickly coated by secondary aerosol material in Mexico City's atmosphere and may also be transformed by heterogeneous reactions.

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“…By using time-dependent density functional theory B3LYP function of 6-31 g (d, p) basis set, theory to calculate excited state properties of five kinds of macromolecular and analysis of each molecule LUMO energy levels, HOMO energy level and HOMO-LUMO energy gap [19] and five kinds of macromolecular system change with electric field. Along with the change of the number of molecules of furan ring of five kinds of macromolecular HOMO energy level and LUMO energy levels, HOMO-LUMO energy level difference is changed accordingly and can calculate the 2OP, 3OP, 4OP, 6OP, 8OP of HOMO and LUMO energy level.…”

Section: Excited State Properties Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

External Electric Field-Dependent Photoinduced Electron Transfer of Oligonaphthofurans-PC<sub>70</sub>BM in BJH Solar Cell

Song¹

2017

JAMS

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Abstract. To rely mainly on the impact of external electric field derived from the electronic coupling charge transfer rate in the change, the new theoretical method can not merely a better understanding of chemical structure the, external electric field and optoelectronic properties of donor(D)-acceptor(A) system , but also can be used for reasonable design of D-A system of novel organic solar cells. This article selects PC 70 BM (phenyl-fullerenes-butyric acid methyl ester) (good solubility, high electron mobility, with common polymer material to take shape a fine phase separation) as this acceptor; low five different kinds of chain length of oligonaphthofurans molecules (active material of fluorescent probe molecule) as the donor, using density functional theory on the basis of the Marcus theory to calculate the electronic coupling ,reorganization energy, gibbs free energy of reaction ,rates of the charge recombination and the rates of exciton dissociation for this study.

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Survival of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Diesel Combustion

Cited by 61 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine

Effects of Biodiesel Blending on Particulate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Ranges from Diesel Engine

Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City

External Electric Field-Dependent Photoinduced Electron Transfer of Oligonaphthofurans-PC<sub>70</sub>BM in BJH Solar Cell

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