Survival prediction of glioblastoma patients using modern deep learning and machine learning techniques

Abstract

In this study, we utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to predict the glioblastoma patients’ survival outcomes. To assess dataset skewness and detect feature importance, we applied Pearson's second coefficient test of skewness and the Ordinary Least Squares method, respectively. Using two sampling strategies, holdout and five-fold cross-validation, we developed five machine learning (ML) models alongside a feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) for the multiclass classification and regression prediction of glioblastoma patient survival. After balancing the classification and regression datasets, we obtained 46,340 and 28,573 samples, respectively. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were then used to explain the decision-making process of the best model. In both classification and regression tasks, as well as across holdout and cross-validation sampling strategies, the DNN consistently outperformed the ML models. Notably, the accuracy were 90.25% and 90.22% for holdout and five-fold cross-validation, respectively, while the corresponding R2 values were 0.6565 and 0.6622. SHAP analysis revealed the importance of age at diagnosis as the most influential feature in the DNN's survival predictions. These findings suggest that the DNN holds promise as a practical auxiliary tool for clinicians, aiding them in optimal decision-making concerning the treatment and care trajectories for glioblastoma patients.

Radiogenomics-Based Risk Prediction of Glioblastoma Multiforme with Clinical Relevance

“…However, its predictive potential in PsP remains debatable [ 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Some machine learning and deep neural network methods that can predict the survival rate of GBM patients based on imaging data and clinical features have been developed [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. However, there are no systematical and comprehensive approaches for the accurate stratification of PsP and TTP and the prediction of clinical outcomes of GBM patients receiving standard treatment.…”