Survival Strategy To Escape Desiccation in a Freshwater Ostracod

Zoogeography of the ostracod genusNannocandona(Podocopa) with description of two new species from Europe and East Asia

“…In comparison with other parthenogenetic ostracods, especially surface water ones that lay many more eggs (Rossi et al, 2011) or lineages that display a brooding care, such as darwinulids (see Pinto et al, 2007), the strategy of parthenogenetic subterranean Candoninae does not promise much success when it comes to the species dispersal strategies. The importance of resting eggs and parthenogenesis in freshwater ostracod evolutionary success has already been discussed elsewhere (Horne, 1993). The general conclusion is that, although important strategies, they were probably not the only causes of freshwater ostracods' current diversity and distribution (see Horne and Martens, 1998).…”

“…The general conclusion is that, although important strategies, they were probably not the only causes of freshwater ostracods' current diversity and distribution (see Horne and Martens, 1998). Resting eggs have not been observed among Candoninae, although cases of torpidity were (Barclay, 1966;Delorme and Donald, 1969;Horne, 1993). Parthenogenesis is often encountered in ostracods, with cases of ancient asexual lineages, such as Darwinulidae (Scho¨n et al, 2009), to the spatial and temporal parthenogenesis in many fresh- Ekman, 1914.…”

“…Dispersal of eggs or adults by either birds or wind would be difficult from this habitat. Also, for eggs to be carried long distances they need to be drought resistant, and it seems that no Candoninae produces such eggs, although torpidity has been recorded (see Horne, 1993;Smith and Delorme, 2009).…”

Demographic responses of Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracoda) related to stress factors of competition, predation and food

“…Some studies on ostracods have examined different features that allow them to remain in aquatic systems, for example, Rossi et al (2013) and Vandekerkhove et al (2013) show that Heterocypris incongruens and Eucypris virens exhibit a high viability in egg resistance to different stresses such as hypoxia, insecticides, digestive enzymes, high salinity, and UV radiation. Horne (1993) and aguilar-alberola and mesquita-Joanes (2011) also show that juvenile and adult Candona patzcuaro and Heterocypris bosniaca can live in dry soil for up to 5 weeks.…”

“…they live in benthic and littoral habitats (delorme, 1991), are detritivores, grazers and, a few are filter feeders. their density is mainly related to available resources (diner et al, 1986), and since ostracods can survive long periods of drought (upto, five weeks; Horne, 1993) they may be early colonizers and therefore can affect the availability of resources for future communities (diner et al, 1986; dodson et al, 2005). they are highly tolerant because they inhabit different types of environments, from hot springs to lakes in the arctic (delorme, 1991;Külköylüoğlu et al, 2007).…”