Survival with inoperable lung cancer.An integration of prognostic variables based on simple clinical criteria

Lanzotti, Victor J.; Thomas, David R.; Boyle, Liam E.; Smith, Terry L.; Gehan, Edmund A.; Samuels, Melvin L.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197701)39:1<303::aid-cncr2820390147>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 158 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus the malnutrition caused by anorexia will hasten muscle wasting, decrease immunocompetence, and shorten cancer survival. Therefore, cancer anorexia and cachexia are important prognostic determinants of morbidity and mortality, with those individuals exhibiting the greatest degree of cachexia having the shortest survival (3,4). The presence of cachexia also limits surgery as well as the aggressive use of chemotherapy and radiation (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin reverses ammonia‐induced anorexia and experimental cancer anorexia

Chance

Thomas

Fischer

1994

Nutrition and Cancer

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Previous experiments suggest that experimental cancer-induced anorexia is associated with hyperammonemia and that daily injections of insulin may attenuate the anorexia for several days. In the present study, we determined whether similar daily insulin treatments would correct anorexia induced by the infusion of ammonium salts and compared this feeding response with that of insulin-treated tumor-bearing (TB) rats. Daily treatment of control and anorectic TB rats with systemically administered insulin for six days increased feeding in all control rats and 40% of the TB rats. All insulin-treated groups exhibited equal degrees of hypoglycemia irrespective of anorexia. Basal concentrations of lactate and glucagon were elevated in saline-treated TB rats. Plasma lactate levels were normalized by insulin treatment, whereas glucagon was normalized only in the TB rats that fed to insulin and increased further in TB rats that did not feed to insulin. Elevated hypothalamic tyrosine was reduced in insulin-treated TB rats that ate, and 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid was increased further when the rats did not eat. Insulin also blocked anorexia resulting from the intravenous infusion of ammonium salts. Hypothalamic concentrations of tyrosine and tryptophan were increased by the ammonia infusion and reduced significantly in insulin-treated infused rats. These results indicate that insulin treatment can reverse experimental cancer-induced anorexia and hyperammonemia-induced anorexia. Neurochemical changes associated with these treatments are also similar, but not identical.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin reverses ammonia‐induced anorexia and experimental cancer anorexia

Chance

Thomas

Fischer

1994

Nutrition and Cancer

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“…In this study, three of the Wilms' tumor patients and five children with neuroblastoma had weights or heights below the 10th percentile at the time of diagnosis. The poor prognosis associated wilh nutritional depletion prior to the initiation of chemotherapy has been well documented in previous studies (8,21,22). Rickard and co-workers (21) reported a decreased number of days to tumor relapse or death in children who were malnourished at diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The prognostic significance of basic anthropometric data in children with advanced solid tumors

Lahorra

Ginn‐Pease

King

1989

Nutrition and Cancer

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In pediatric cancer patients, malnutrition is commonly observed. This may represent the metabolic effect of the primary disease or it may be a consequence of multimodal therapy. This report evaluates the efficacy of using basic anthropometric measurements to predict morbidity during therapy. Twenty children with Wilms' tumor (Stage III, IV, and V) or neuroblastoma (Stage IV) diagnosed at Children's Hospital (Columbus, OH) between January 1983 and December 1985 were evaluated. When compared with the Wilms' tumor patients, the children with neuroblastoma had a significantly lower weight for age at diagnosis. At the completion of therapy, both weight-for-height and weight-for-age measurements were statistically lower in the neuroblastoma group (p less than 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumor patients in the morbidity reported during therapy. Children with neuroblastoma had more frequent hospital admissions, spent a much greater proportion of their treatment time as hospital inpatients, experienced longer delays in therapy, and sustained many more complications. Each of the anthropometric indices was evaluated as a predictor of the complications observed during treatment. In the Wilms' tumor group, the patients with lower weight-for-height percentiles had an increased incidence of incomplete drug infusions, many more complications, more frequent hospital admissions, and an increase in the percentage of time spent as hospital inpatients. In the neuroblastoma group, the anthropometric measurements had no correlation with the subsequent development of complications. Nutritional staging based on anthropometric measurements recorded at diagnosis may be useful in predicting an increased risk of morbidity during therapy in children with Wilms' tumor.

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“…Cachexia is common in lung cancer and is associated with increased morbidity and reduced survival [1][2][3][4]. No standard treatment exists and cachexia is a major unmet need [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%