“…Together, these four categories account for 71.9% of the funds in the Combined database. Figure 1 shows that the relative proportions of the Live and Graveyard 12 For studies attempting to quantify the degree and impact of survivorship bias, see Baquero, Horst, and Verbeek (2004), Brown, Goetzmann, Ibbotson, and Ross (1992), Brown, Goetzmann, and Ibbotson (1999), Brown, Goetzmann, and Park (1997), Carpenter and Lynch (1999), Hsieh (1997b, 2000), Horst, Nijman, and Verbeek (2001), Hendricks, Patel, and Zeckhauser (1997), and Schneeweis and Spurgin (1996).…”