Survivorship and growth of <i>Typha latifolia</i> L. across a NaCl gradient: a greenhouse study

Koropchak, Sara C.; Vitt, Dale H.

doi:10.1080/17480930.2012.679860

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Comparatively, C. atherodes showed reduced performance in most attributes above 789 mg Na + L −1 , with significant differences manifested at a treatment of 1407 mg Na + L −1 . In similar trials, Koropchak and Vitt [ 39 ] found decreased survivorship and biomass of T. latifolia at 600 mg Na + L −1 , while Glaeser et al [ 40 ] found decreased performances and biomass of Beckmannia syzigachne after 850 mg Na + L −1 . The higher tolerances of both species of Carex indicate that these two species may provide the key ingredients to the vegetative recovery of oil sands sites with brackish waters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reclaiming to Brackish Wetlands in the Alberta Oil Sands: Comparison of Responses to Sodium Concentrations by Carex atherodes and Carex aquatilis

Glaeser

House

Vitt

2021

Plants

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The variation in sodium concentrations in waters of natural fens and marshes on the western Canadian landscape provides a background for choosing the appropriate plants for wetland reclamation. Broad tolerances to salinity are especially important for reclamation trials on saline-rich ‘in-pits’ that were left from open-pit oil sands mining. One such species, Carex aquatilis, has been identified as a key species in early reclamation attempts; however, at the Sandhill Wetland on the Syncrude Canada oil sands lease, this species has aggressively colonized, dominating parts of the wetland and limiting species diversity. A second species, also widespread on natural lake shores and marshes, is Carex atherodes, with field observations suggesting a broad tolerance to salinity. Here, we examine the responses of this species to a series of sodium concentrations and compare these to those of C. aquatilis. In particular, we addressed three questions: (1) How do structural attributes of C. atherodes respond to a series of Na+ concentration treatments? (2) Are different structural responses related to the functional attributes of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and/or transpiration rate? (3) How do these responses compare to those of C. aquatilis? We implemented a phytotron experiment to test the responses of these two species to either five or six concentrations of sodium, ranging from 20 to 3000 mg Na+ L−1. In general, structural responses of C. atherodes did not differ between 50 and 789 mg Na+ L−1, while performances of all attributes were reduced at 1407 mg L−1. Physiological attributes had high variation, but also had reduced performances at similar treatment levels. In comparison, a clear threshold was present for structural attributes in Carex aquatilis between 1650 and 2148 mg Na+ L−1, while physiological attributes were reduced between 1035 to 1650 mg Na+ L−1. These responses from C. aquatilis were similar to those previously reported. Na+ concentrations in porewater at the Sandhill Wetland in 2019 reached as high as 1200 mg Na+ L−1, with natural subsaline and sodic sites ranging much higher. Although all of the plants in the treatments remained viable at the end of the experiment, these results indicate that Na+ concentrations above 1500–2000 mg Na+ L−1 may inhibit the growth of these two species and decrease their competitive abilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reclaiming to Brackish Wetlands in the Alberta Oil Sands: Comparison of Responses to Sodium Concentrations by Carex atherodes and Carex aquatilis

Glaeser

House

Vitt

2021

Plants

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“…It is most commonly observed where the water depth is 0–32 cm above the soil surface, but is tolerant of water up to 1 m deep (Bansal et al, 2019; Grace, 1989). It is not desirable for fen reclamation because it is not peat‐forming, readily colonizes disturbed inundated areas, and grows in dense, tall monocultures that exclude other species (Bansal et al, 2019; Koropchak & Vitt, 2013; Wilcox et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing peat‐forming plant communities: A comparison of wetland reclamation methods in Alberta's oil sands region

Borkenhagen,

Cooper,

House

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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The Sandhill Wetland (SW) and Nikanotee Fen (NF) are two wetland research projects designed to test the viability of peatland reclamation in the Alberta oil sands post‐mining landscape. To identify effective approaches for establishing peat‐forming vegetation in reclaimed wetlands, we evaluated how plant introduction approaches and water level gradients influence species distribution, plant community development, and the establishment of bryophyte and peatland species richness and cover. Plant introduction approaches included seeding with a Carex aquatilis‐dominated seed mix, planting C. aquatilis and Juncus balticus seedlings, and spreading a harvested moss layer transfer. Establishment was assessed 6 years after the introduction at SW and 5 years after the introduction at NF. In total, 51 species were introduced to the reclaimed wetlands, and 122 species were observed after 5 and 6 years. The most abundant species in both reclaimed wetlands was C. aquatilis, which produced dense canopies and occupied the largest water level range of observed plants. Introducing C. aquatilis also helped to exclude marsh plants such as Typha latifolia that has little to no peat accumulation potential. Juncus balticus persisted where the water table was lower and encouraged the formation of a diverse peatland community and facilitated bryophyte establishment. Various bryophytes colonized suitable areas, but the moss layer transfer increased the cover of desirable peat‐forming mosses. Communities with the highest bryophyte and peatland species richness and cover (averaging 9 and 14 species, and 50%–160% cover respectively) occurred where the summer water level was between −10 and −40 cm. Outside this water level range, a marsh community of Typha latifolia dominated in standing water and a wet meadow upland community of Calamagrostis canadensis and woody species established where the water table was deeper. Overall, the two wetland reclamation projects demonstrated that establishing peat‐forming vascular plants and bryophytes is possible, and community formation is dependent upon water level and plant introduction approaches. Future projects should aim to create microtopography with water tables within 40 cm of the surface and introduce vascular plants such as J. balticus that facilitate bryophyte establishment and support the development of a diverse peatland plant community.

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“…In contrast of halophytic biotypes as reported that biotypes of T. latifolia has the ability of growing well at salinity levels of 2.4% with a survival rate of 94%(Jesus et al 2014). Its survival rate was 56% if treated with 2400 mg L −1 of NaCl when growing in a greenhouse(Koropchak and Vitt 2013). Yet, T. latifolia can unlike T. glauca grow in acidic soil(Hotchkiss and Dozier 1949).Table-4.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Various Types of Polluted Water, Rhizome Size and Water Depth on Sprouting of Common Cattail (Typha latifolia L.) Rhizomes

Gul

Ghayasuddin

Khan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Three different studies were carried out in the Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, in January 2016 to examine the impacts of polluted water from various sources, water depths and rhizome size on the resprouting ability and establishment of common cattail rhizomes fragments after mechanical control. These experiments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD), replicated thrice. The selected experimental units were pots 20 inches wide and 12 inches deep. Typha latifolia L. rhizomes were placed in each pots and covered with a little silt to avoid it’s direct contact and desiccation from sunlight. The impacts of water quality on T. latifolia rhizomes sprouting were significant. Lowest ratio of sprouted and un-sprouted buds (50.00 % each), 1st sprout length (37.33 and 40 cm), average sprout length (17.47 and 16.96 cm), average biomass (9.99 and 10.27 g) and growth rate (0.172 and 0.196 g/day) were noted for saline water and industrial acidic effluents, respectively. However, highest rhizome sprouting was recorded for tap water applied as check followed by industrial effluent alkaline. The data regarding the impact of water depth on T. latifolia rhizome sprouting showed that sprouting (44.44 %), 1st sprout length (43.33 cm), average sprout length (20.99 cm), average sprout biomass (7.84 g), average diameter of the newly formed rhizome (0.24 cm) and growth rate (0.4233 g/day) were recorded for rhizomes placed at zero level water depth, while maximum buds sprouted at 4 inches water depth. Similarly, impact of rhizome size on resprouting revealed that minimum bud sprouting (44.44%), 1st sprout length (44.86 cm), average sprout length (0.93 cm) and biomass of newly formed rhizome (4.97 g) and minimum days to emergence (9) were noted for smaller rhizome length (2 buds) compared to longer rhizomes with 10 buds. Therefore, on the basis of our findings, saline and industrial effluent acidic, no standing water (zero water surface level) and shorter rhizome size resulted in least bud sprouting and minimized the chance of further infestation in an eco-friendly and ecological way without the use of herbicides. Whereas alkaline industrial effluents, standing water up to 4 inches and longer rhizome fragments enhanced sprouting and re-establishment of the T. latifolia and these strategies can be utilized where the aim is to grow and establish a good stand of T. latifolia for passive treatment and phytoremediation of industrial effluents, before draining the polluted water into fresh water bodies like rivers and streams.

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Survivorship and growth of Typha latifolia L. across a NaCl gradient: a greenhouse study

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Reclaiming to Brackish Wetlands in the Alberta Oil Sands: Comparison of Responses to Sodium Concentrations by Carex atherodes and Carex aquatilis

Reclaiming to Brackish Wetlands in the Alberta Oil Sands: Comparison of Responses to Sodium Concentrations by Carex atherodes and Carex aquatilis

Establishing peat‐forming plant communities: A comparison of wetland reclamation methods in Alberta's oil sands region

Impact of Various Types of Polluted Water, Rhizome Size and Water Depth on Sprouting of Common Cattail (Typha latifolia L.) Rhizomes

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