Survivorship and growth of the sea cucumber Australostichopus (Stichopus) mollis (Hutton 1872) in polyculture trials with green-lipped mussel farms

Slater, Matthew James; Carton, Alexander G.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.230

Cited by 107 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In all treatments, no sea cucumber died and survival rates of sea cucumbers were excellent (100%) and were higher than the rates reported in previous similar studies (Hai-Bo et al 2015;Slater and Carton 2007;Zhou et al 2006). The results showed that sea cucumbers might have the ability to tolerate the different algae such as UL, UP, LJ, NO, and SS in diet.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Effects of different algae in diet on growth and interleukin (IL)-10 production of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

et al. 2017

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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different algae in diet on growth, survival, and interleukin-10 productions of sea cucumber. At first, a 9-week feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and survival of the sea cucumber fed one of the six experimental diets containing ST (Sargassum thunbergii), UL (Ulva lactuca), UP (Undaria pinnatifida), LJ (Laminaria japonica), SS (Schizochytrium sp.), and NO (Nannochloropsis oculata) in a recirculating aquaculture system. The result showed that survival was not significantly different among the dietary treatments, and the specific growth rate (SGR) of sea cucumber fed the UL diet (1.58% d ) was significantly higher than that of sea cucumber fed the other diets (P < 0.05), except for the LJ and NO diets. Secondly, interleukin (IL)-10 gene expression was determined where mice splenocytes were stimulated with 10 μg ml −1 of sea cucumber extracts for 2 h. The result showed that IL-10 gene expression levels were significantly increased in UL, LJ, and NO diets fed sea cucumber extracts compared to other experimental diets. The results suggest that dietary inclusion with Ulva lactuca, Laminaria japonica, and Nannochloropsis oculata algae may improve the growth of juvenile sea cucumber and could upregulate IL-10 gene expression in mice splenocytes. Such detailed information could be helpful in further development of more appropriate diets for sea cucumber culture.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Effects of different algae in diet on growth and interleukin (IL)-10 production of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

et al. 2017

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“…The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite in coculture ponds were lower than in the abalone monoculture (Haliotis discus hannai), and the abalone achieved a better growth performance and higher survival rate (Kang et al, 2003;Xue, 2007). Sea cucumber Australostichopus mollis also showed excellent survivorship and exhibited higher growth than natural population when co-cultured with green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), and slow growth rate of sea cucumber only occurred at high densities (15 m ¡2 ) due to food limitation in New Zealand (Slater and Carton, 2007). Growth and production of California sea cucumbers (P. californicus Stimpson) cocultured with suspended Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) was also investigated in the field, and the successful utilization by sea cucumbers of the naturally available biodeposits from the oysters suggests that this possible commercial-scale coculture system would both reduce the amount of organic deposition underneath shellfish farms and produce extra benefits (Paltzat et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sea Cucumber-molluscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, and Stock Enhancement in China

Han

Keesing

Liu

2016

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture

200

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Sea cucumber aquaculture has flourished as a result of increasing demand coupled with declining wild fisheries and has been facilitated by technical progress in the production and grow-out phase of larvae and small juvenile sea cucumbers. China has developed a large and successful sea cucumber aquaculture industry based on the temperate species Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867). China consumes most of its domestic sea cucumber production (193, 705 tons: 2013), exporting only a few dozen tons. Much of the success of sea cucumber aquaculture in China came from advances in culture methods, especially for the early stages of broodstock conditioning, larval production and settlement, and the critical early juvenile development stage. These artificial approaches to production are a precondition for all aquaculture models, and the scientific procedures and management protocols must be strictly adhered to for success. Similarly, the growout phase of sea cucumber production in China has evolved from attempts using disused fish and shrimp ponds to new, dedicated ponds developed to meet the more sensitive requirements of sea cucumbers for water quality and substrate type and to the use of ocean ranching. Various diseases have affected this industry and become barriers to its sustainable development. To achieve higher survival rates and better production quality, the trend has been toward ocean ranching of sea cucumbers and stock enhancement, and production levels have increased significantly in recent years. While cost-effective methods for sea cucumber aquaculture close to their point of consumption is good news for wild stocks of sea cucumbers in different parts of the world, there is a potential downside in the environmental impact of such extensive production methods. The influence of sea cucumber aquaculture on the environment and the influence of the environment on sea cucumber aquaculture are important issues relating to ecological security and sustainability.

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“…Although we found no significant effect of density on the randomness of movement, the observed shorter path lengths and similar time spent moving suggests that at high densities, movement may still be more directed than at low densities. Stocking density has been shown to have an impact on growth rates, which could be due to resource limitation in confined areas , Slater & Carton 2007, Hannah et al 2013. A change in foraging behaviour may help prevent ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing movement of the California sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus in response to organically enriched areas typical of aquaculture sites

Dam‐Bates¹,

Curtis²,

Cowen³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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An increasing global demand for sea cucumbers has led to interest in benthic ranching of the California sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus beneath existing aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada, where high levels of total organic matter (TOM) are typical. The objective of the present study was to investigate movement of P. californicus in relation to areas of increased organic content to assess the feasibility of sea cucumber ranching beneath existing aquaculture sites. A laboratory experiment using adult sea cucumbers showed that P. californicus changed their foraging behaviour based on available amounts of TOM, moving more randomly in high-TOM (~8.0%) areas and more directly in low-TOM (~1.4%) ones. They also moved more rapidly in areas with high TOM than in those with low TOM. As long as animals were exposed to high TOM, they did not abandon random movement. Because of this behaviour, aquaculture tenures may retain a population of cultured individuals, but could also attract wild individuals from the surrounding area.

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Survivorship and growth of the sea cucumber Australostichopus (Stichopus) mollis (Hutton 1872) in polyculture trials with green-lipped mussel farms

Cited by 107 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of different algae in diet on growth and interleukin (IL)-10 production of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Effects of different algae in diet on growth and interleukin (IL)-10 production of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, and Stock Enhancement in China

Assessing movement of the California sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus in response to organically enriched areas typical of aquaculture sites

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