Susceptibilities of Nonhuman Primates to Chronic Wasting Disease

Race, Brent; Meade-White, Kimberly; Miller, Michael W.; Barbian, Kent D.; Rubenstein, Richard; LaFauci, Giuseppe; Červen̆áková, Larisa; Favara, Cynthia; Gardner, Donald J.; Long, Dan; Parnell, Michael J.; Striebel, James F.; Priola, Suzette A.; Ward, Anne; Williams, Elizabeth; Race, Richard E.; Chesebro, Bruce

doi:10.3201/eid1509.090253

Cited by 140 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Oral inoculation with CWD led to prion disease in cervids and squirrel monkeys, whereas 5 additional species resisted oral CWD challenge (Table 1). [22][23][24] However, intracerebral CWD inoculation caused prion infection in voles, hamsters, ferrets, sheep, cats, mink, and cattle, with variable attack rates. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Wild type mice and raccoons resisted CWD prion infection (Table 1).…”

Section: Cross-species Cwd Prion Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 A comparison of the PrP amino acid sequences of the squirrel monkey and macaque shows that both primates express S170, in contrast to the N170 expressed by deer. However, 2 intriguing amino acid differences in the N-terminus (positions 100 and 108) of squirrel monkeys and macaques may impact the CWD barrier.…”

Section: Assessing Primate Susceptibility To Cwd Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To gain insight into human susceptibility to CWD, squirrel monkeys and cynomolgus macaques were challenged with CWD prions and showed surprising results, in that squirrel monkeys were highly susceptible to CWD by either intracerebral 22 or oral exposure routes, 22,23 whereas macaques resisted CWD prion infection, even after intracerebral injection. 23 A comparison of the PrP amino acid sequences of the squirrel monkey and macaque shows that both primates express S170, in contrast to the N170 expressed by deer.…”

Section: Assessing Primate Susceptibility To Cwd Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-species transmission of CWD prions

Kurt

Sigurdson

2016

Prion

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Section: Cross-species Cwd Prion Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessing Primate Susceptibility To Cwd Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessing Primate Susceptibility To Cwd Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-species transmission of CWD prions

Kurt

Sigurdson

2016

Prion

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“…Epidemiological, animal, and mutagenic studies have demonstrated a strong species barrier to CWD in humans (Kong et al, 2005;Race et al, 2009;Wilson et al, 2012); thus the probability of risk for human zoonotic infection is low (Kong et al, 2005).…”

Section: Hazard Characteristics Of Cwd In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in managing the risks of chronic wasting disease

Leiss

Westphal

Tyshenko

et al. 2017

IJGENVI

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This article summarises efforts at disease surveillance and risk management of chronic wasting disease (CWD). CWD is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids and is considered to be one of the most contagious of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Evidence has demonstrated a strong species barrier to CWD for both human and farm animals other than cervids. CWD is now endemic in many US states and two Canadian provinces. Past management strategies of selective culling, herd reduction, and hunter surveillance have shown limited effectiveness. The initial strategy of disease eradication has been abandoned in favour of disease control. CWD continues to spread geographically in North American and risk management is complicated by the presence of the disease in both wild (free-ranging) and captive (farmed) cervid populations. The article concludes that further evaluation by risk managers is required for optimal, cost-effective strategies for aggressive disease control.

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“…In addition, Eurasian red deer (Cervus elaphus) (16), Eurasian fallow deer (Dama dama) (17), Asian muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi) (18), and reindeer (19,20) have been shown to be susceptible to CWD following experimental inoculation. CWD has been experimentally transmitted to noncervid species, including sheep (21), cattle (22)(23)(24)(25), domestic cats (26,27), ferrets (28,29), nonhuman primates (30)(31)(32), and laboratory rodents (reviewed in reference 33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Transmission of the Chronic Wasting Disease Agent to Swine after Oral or Intracranial Inoculation

Moore

Greenlee

Kondru

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a naturally occurring, fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids. The potential for swine to serve as hosts for the agent of CWD is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of swine to the CWD agent following experimental oral or intracranial inoculation. Crossbred piglets were assigned to three groups, intracranially inoculated (n ϭ 20), orally inoculated (n ϭ 19), and noninoculated (n ϭ 9). At approximately the age at which commercial pigs reach market weight, half of the pigs in each group were culled ("market weight" groups). The remaining pigs ("aged" groups) were allowed to incubate for up to 73 months postinoculation (mpi). Tissues collected at necropsy were examined for disease-associated prion protein (PrP Sc ) by Western blotting (WB), antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in vitro real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). Brain samples from selected pigs were also bioassayed in mice expressing porcine prion protein. Four intracranially inoculated aged pigs and one orally inoculated aged pig were positive by EIA, IHC, and/or WB. By RT-QuIC, PrP Sc was detected in lymphoid and/or brain tissue from one or more pigs in each inoculated group. The bioassay was positive in four out of five pigs assayed. This study demonstrates that pigs can support low-level amplification of CWD prions, although the species barrier to CWD infection is relatively high. However, detection of infectivity in orally inoculated pigs with a mouse bioassay raises the possibility that naturally exposed pigs could act as a reservoir of CWD infectivity. IMPORTANCEWe challenged domestic swine with the chronic wasting disease agent by inoculation directly into the brain (intracranially) or by oral gavage (orally). Disease-associated prion protein (PrP Sc ) was detected in brain and lymphoid tissues from intracranially and orally inoculated pigs as early as 8 months of age (6 months postinoculation). Only one pig developed clinical neurologic signs suggestive of prion disease. The amount of PrP Sc in the brains and lymphoid tissues of positive pigs was small, especially in orally inoculated pigs. Regardless, positive results obtained with orally inoculated pigs suggest that it may be possible for swine to serve as a reservoir for prion disease under natural conditions.

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Susceptibilities of Nonhuman Primates to Chronic Wasting Disease

Abstract: A species barrier may protect humans from this disease.

Cited by 140 publications

References 38 publications

Cross-species transmission of CWD prions

Cross-species transmission of CWD prions

Challenges in managing the risks of chronic wasting disease

Experimental Transmission of the Chronic Wasting Disease Agent to Swine after Oral or Intracranial Inoculation

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