Susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from different sources to tetracycline, macrolide and lincosamide antimicrobial agents

Trinh, Hien T.; Billington, Stephen J.; Field, Adam; Songer, J. Glenn; Jost, B. Helen

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00524-7

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Of 48 A. pyogenes isolates previously tested, for 11 (22.9%), MICs of tylosin were Ն64 g/ml (25). rRNA methylases, encoded by erm genes, are common determinants of macrolide resistance (16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of MICs for A. pyogenes used National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards methodology (13), with the modifications described by Trinh et al (25). The antimicrobial agents to be tested were diluted in a doubling dilution pattern over the range of 0.06 to 2,048 g/ml in the wells of sterile, 96-well, round-bottom microtiter plates in 50-l volumes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a survey of A. pyogenes strains conducted in our laboratory, we observed that resistance of A. pyogenes to tylosin was prevalent, with 22.9% of isolates tested (n ϭ 48) having MICs of tylosin of Ն64 g/ml (25). In addition, for the tylosin-resistant strains, MICs of a wide spectrum of macrolide and lincosamide antimicrobial agents were increased (25), suggesting a macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance phenotype. However, the mechanism(s) of resistance to tylosin in A. pyogenes was not investigated.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Tylosin Resistance inArcanobacterium pyogenesIs Encoded by an Erm X Determinant

Jost

Field

Trinh

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Arcanobacterium pyogenes, a commensal on the mucous membranes of many economically important animal species, is also a pathogen, causing abscesses of the skin, joints, and visceral organs as well as mastitis and abortion. In food animals, A. pyogenes is exposed to antimicrobial agents used for growth promotion, prophylaxis, and therapy, notably tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic used extensively for the prevention of liver abscessation in feedlot cattle in the United States. Of 48 A. pyogenes isolates, 11 (22.9%) exhibited inducible or constitutive resistance to tylosin (MIC of >128 g/ml). These isolates also exhibited resistance to other macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics, suggesting a macrolide-lincosamide resistance phenotype. Of the 11 resistant isolates, genomic DNA from nine hybridized to an erm(X)-specific probe. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the A. pyogenes erm(X) gene indicated that it was >95% similar to erm(X) genes from Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium spp. Eight of the erm(X)-containing A. pyogenes isolates exhibited inducible tylosin resistance, which was consistent with the presence of a putative leader peptide upstream of the erm(X) open reading frame. For at least one A. pyogenes isolate, 98-4277-2, erm(X) was present on a plasmid, pAP2, and was associated with the insertion sequence IS6100. pAP2 also carried genes encoding the repressor-regulated tetracycline efflux system determinant Tet 33. The repA gene from pAP2 was nonfunctional in Escherichia coli and at least one A. pyogenes isolate, suggesting that there may be host-encoded factors required for replication of this plasmid.The use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives for disease prophylaxis and growth promotion in the beef cattle industry is a common practice in the United States. One of the major targets is liver abscessation, which is second only to respiratory disease in terms of economic losses to cattle feedlots. Control of liver abscesses has primarily depended on the use of feed additives, such as the macrolide tylosin, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline (10, 26), with tylosin the most effective and commonly used feed additive (11). A study involving almost 7,000 feedlot cattle demonstrated that the use of tylosin as a feed additive reduced the incidence of liver abscessation by 73% and increased weight gain and feed conversion by 2.3 and 2.6%, respectively (G. J. Vogel and S. B. Laudert, abstract, J. Anim. Sci. 72[Supp. 1]:293, 1994). Correspondingly, tylosin use is extensive, with 42.3% of feedlot cattle receiving tylosin as a feed additive, primarily for the prevention of liver abscesses (26).Fusobacterium necrophorum is the primary etiological agent of bovine hepatic abscessation (18), but Arcanobacterium pyogenes is a synergistic pathogen, being found in 10 (9) to 90% (12) of abscesses. Interestingly, in cattle fed tylosin, the incidence of hepatic abscesses containing A. pyogenes increased from 10 to 53% (9).The resistance of A. pyogenes to tylosin has only recently been documented. In a survey of A. pyo...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Tylosin Resistance inArcanobacterium pyogenesIs Encoded by an Erm X Determinant

Jost

Field

Trinh

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Karaciğer apseleri, her yaştaki ve süt inekleri dahil A. pyogenes'te antimikrobiyel ajanlara karşı dirençli liğin gelişmesi; sadece enfeksiyonun tedavi edilmesi açısından değil aynı zamanda normal florada bulunan diğer bakterilere antimikrobiyal dirençliliğin transfer edilmesinde rezervuar olarak rol alabilmesi açısından önemlidir 24 . Trinh ve ark.…”

Section: Tablo 1 Arcanobacterium Pyogenes Izolasyonu Için Toplanan öunclassified

“…Trinh ve ark. 24 , sığırlardan izole edilen A. pyogenes izolatlarının %25.9'unda tetrasikline karşı dirençlilik olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.…”

Section: Tablo 1 Arcanobacterium Pyogenes Izolasyonu Için Toplanan öunclassified

Isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from Samples of Sheep and Cattle and Identification by Polimerase Chain Reaction

Hadimli¹,

Erganiş²,

Kav³

et al. 2009

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı; koyun ve sığır örneklerinden Arcanobacterium pyogenes (A. pyogenes) izole etmek, Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ile identifiye etmek ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarını belirlemektir. Çalışmada, koyun ve sığırlara ait (süt, akciğer, karaciğer, bronko alveolar yıkantı, eklem sıvısı ve süppuratif doku) toplam 716 adet örnek toplandı. Bütün örnekler, %5 koyun kanı içeren kanlı agara ekimleri yapıldı ve 37ºC'de 48 saat inkübe edildi. Örneklerden izole edilen toplam 51 adet A. pyogenes suşu biyokimyasal özelliklerine göre identifiye edildi. Daha sonra, A. pyogenes için plosin genine spesifik primerler kullanılarak PCR analizleri gerçekleştirildi. Bütün izolatlar PCR ile A. pyogenes olarak doğrulandı. Ayrıca, veteriner sahada kullanılan 16 farklı antimikrobiyal ajana karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri belirlendi. Bu mikroorganizmanın, koyun ve sığırlarda ekonomik kayıplarla seyreden enfeksiyonlara sebep olabileceği vurgulandı.Anahtar sözcükler: Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Sığır, Koyun, Süt, Karaciğer, Akciğer, Bronko alveolar yıkantı Isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from Samples of Sheep and Cattle and Identification by Polimerase Chain Reaction SummaryThe aims of this study were to isolate Arcanobaterium pyogenes (A. pyogenes) from cattle and sheep, to identify the isolates by conventional methods, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities. In this study, a total 716 samples was collected from sheep and cattle (liver, milk, broncho alveoler lavage, lung, suppurative tissue, and fluid of joint). All samples were cultured onto blood agar base containing 5% defibrinated sheep blood and plates were incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. Total 51 A. pyogenes strains isolated from samples were identified in according to properties of biochemical. Then, PCR analyses were made using specific primers for A. pyogenes. All isolates were also confirmed by PCR. In addition, antimicrobial activities were determined to 16 antimicrobial agents, some of which were used in veterinary medicine. There is emphasized that this bacterium may cause a variety of infections with economically losses in sheep and cattle.

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Arcanobacterium

Yassin¹,

Schaal²

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Ar.ca.no.bac.te'ri.um. L. adj. arcanus secret, hidden, secretive; L. neut. n. bacterium a small rod; N. L. neut. n. Arcanobacterium secretive bacterium. Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Actinomycetales / Actinomycetaceae / Arcanobacterium Slender, irregular, bacillary forms predominate during the first 18 h of growth; many cells are arranged at an angle to give V‐formations. As growth proceeds cells become granular and segmented so that they resemble small and irregular cocci. Both rods and coccoid cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐acid fast and non‐motile; endospores are not formed. Facultatively anaerobic ; growth is considerably enhanced in an atmosphere of increased CO 2 ‐tension. Growth is sparse on ordinary media but enhanced by blood or serum. The optimum temperature for growth is 37°C . Organisms will not withstand heating at 60°C for 15 min. Chemoorganotrophic , having a fermentative type of carbohydrate metabolism. Fermentation end products include acetic and lactic acids; the amount of succinic acid produced may vary from species to species and may even be difficult to detect. Catalase‐negative. Nitrate reduction is usually negative. Characteristic amino acids of the cell‐wall peptidoglycan of those species whose peptidoglycan has been examined in detail are based on L ‐lysine. Other chemotaxonomic properties include rhamnose as diagnostic whole‐cell sugar, lack of mycolic acids and N ‐acetylated muramic acid residue of the peptidoglycan. DNA G+C content (mol%) : 50–63.8 ( T m , HPLC). Type species : Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Collins, Jones and Schofield 1983, 438 VP (Effective publication: Collins, Jones and Schofield 1982b, 1280).

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Susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from different sources to tetracycline, macrolide and lincosamide antimicrobial agents

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Tylosin Resistance inArcanobacterium pyogenesIs Encoded by an Erm X Determinant

Tylosin Resistance inArcanobacterium pyogenesIs Encoded by an Erm X Determinant

Isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from Samples of Sheep and Cattle and Identification by Polimerase Chain Reaction

Arcanobacterium

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