Susceptibility of biological stages of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, to entomopathogenic fungi (Hyphomycetes)

Abstract

The susceptibility of the egg, pupa, and adult of Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) to isolates of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith, was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Groups of 20 eggs than 4 h old, pupae less than 48h old and adults were sprayed with a conidial suspension of each isolate. Eggs, pupae and adults of horn fly were susceptible to these entomopathogenic fungi. For treated eggs, the isolates Ma3, Ma 15, Ma25, Pfr1, and Pfr8 reduced adult emergence to 3.8% to 6.3% in comparison with the control (72%). The mortality of pupae infected by the isolates Ma2, Ma25, and Pfr10 ranged between 50% and 71.3%. Mortality of adults after treatment with the isolates Ma6, Ma 10, Ma 14, Ma 15, Pfr 1, Pfr 9, Pfr 10, Pfr 11, and Pfr12 were higher than 90%. The isolate Ma6 produced the lowest LC50 against adult horn flies (8.08 &times 102conidia/ml). These findings supported the hypotheses that isolates of M. anisopliae, and P. fumosoroseus are pathogenic against the different biological stages of horn flies by reducing adult emergence when applied on groups of eggs and pupae, and producing mortality when applied to adults.

Infectivity of housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to different entomopathogenic fungi

“…These differences may be attributable to various fungi-related causes such as strain origin, species, exposure method and dosage, as well as humidity and temperature factors. 19 , 21 , 33 , 37 , 38 …”

Pathogenicity and performance of two candidate isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in four liquid culture media for the management of the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

“…There is also a need to test for the virulence of selected isolates against other developmental stages of the pest, because they also periodically wander around on plant structures and could benefit from secondary uptake of biopesticidal spores. Furthermore, variations in virulence across life stages by EPF have been reported for other pests (Ekesi et al, 2002a,b;Angel-Sahagú n et al, 2005;Kirubakaran et al, 2014), but such information is lacking for M. vitrata. If applications are appropriately timed in the evenings, it would also protect the EPF from the vagaries of UV radiation.…”

Discovery, Development, and Evaluation of a Horn Fly-Isolated (Diptera: Muscidae) Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordyciptaceae) Strain From Florida, USA

“…Of the few studies evaluating entomopathogenic fungi in horn flies, a majority of the focus has been upon the immature stages; eggs, larvae, and pupae; with little attention given to infecting adult flies. Angel-Sahagún et al (2005) were the first to show artificial infection of adult horn flies with fungi, and did so with several isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin , B. bassiana , and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) (Brown and Smith) (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) . Their study used manure inoculations to infect eggs and larvae with conidia, as well as continuous exposure assays for pupae and adults.…”

“…Considerable hurdles to implementation exist, including the location and isolation of horn fly-pathogenic fungal strains with high virulence and accompanying studies that document efficacy. There have been few published research articles on the use of entomopathogenic fungi as an alternative management tool for horn fly ( Angel-Sahagún et al 2005 ; Lohmeyer and Miller 2006 ; Mochi et al 2010a , b ; Galindo-Velasco et al 2015 ).…”