Susceptibility of British head lice, <i>Pediculus capitis</i>, to imidacloprid and fipronil

Downs, A. M. R.; Stafford, Kathryn; Coles, G.C.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00216.x

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…When using various strains of Pediculus for bioassays to assess the activity of pediculicides, the effects of these products may not be the same in strains of different origins (Chosidow et al . 1994; Downs et al . 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoenzymes of human lice: Pediculus humanus and P. capitis

Amevigbe

Ferrer

Champorie

et al. 2000

Medical Vet Entomology

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Human lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Africa, America and Europe were electrophoresed for 28 enzymes, with special interest in metabolic factors likely to be involved with insecticide resistance. Zymogram profiles of the body louse (Pediculus humanus L. from France and U.S.A.) and the head louse (P. capitis DeGeer from France, Madagascar, Mali & Senegal) were compared. Only esterase two enzymes, phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) and 3 (Est-3), showed electrophoretic variation. In our starch gel electrophoresis conditions, P. humanus showed three electromorphs of Pgm migrating anodally 6, 11 and 16 mm (designated alleles a, b, c, respectively). Of the putative Pgm alleles, b and c occurred in all samples of both species of lice, whereas allele a was found only in P. humanus lab strain from U.S.A. Esterase 3 had four electromorphs migrating 23, 26, 30 and 35 mm (designated alleles a, b, c and d). Among putative Est alleles, a was found only in P. capitis from Bamako (all 14 specimens aa homozygotes), allele d was found only in P. capitis from Dakar (39% frequency), whereas Est-3 alleles b and c showed apparently balanced polymorphism in all samples of both P. humanus and P. capitis except that from Bamako. Despite the limited amount of isoenzyme variation detected (only 2/31 polymorphic loci), divergences of Est-3 and Pgm among Pediculus populations may be relevant to their biosystematics and resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoenzymes of human lice: Pediculus humanus and P. capitis

Amevigbe

Ferrer

Champorie

et al. 2000

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…As head and body lice show similar toxicological phenotypes, a laboratory-reared P. humanus humanus is frequently used as a reference colony in insecticide resistance studies for head lice and as a test organism to evaluate the efficacy of potential pediculicides (Mumcuoglu et al 1990;Downs et al 2000;Kristensen et al 2006;Priestley et al 2006;Mougabure Cueto et al 2008;Gallardo et al 2009). Furthermore, a laboratory-reared colony allows carrying out bioassays under standardized physiological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Pediculus humanus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera) to water or 70% ethanol immersion and determination of optimal times for measuring toxic effects

Cueto

Picollo

2010

Parasitol Res

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Human pediculosis is caused by Pediculus humanus humanus (Linnaeus 1758) and Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer 1767). We studied the response of body lice to immersion in water and ethanol 70% and determined the optimal times for measuring knockdown and mortality. After immersion in water, all lice remained alive from 5 min to 22 h for both times of exposure. A low proportion of lice were affected after 2 min of immersion in ethanol in the 10-min exposure test, but recovered completely after 5 min. Different proportions of lice were affected between 2 and 7 h after immersion in ethanol, depending on the immersion time. However, a high proportion of lice recovered after 22 h. The results suggest that the optimal times for measuring early knockdown effects of insecticides are the 5-min to 7-h interval for water and 5-min to 1-h interval for ethanol. On the other hand, the best time for measuring mortality is 22 h after immersion. These results should improve the interpretations of the effects of pediculicides in immersion bioassays.

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“…For toxicological studies in head lice, laboratory-reared body lice, considered fully susceptible to all insecticides, were used as reference colony in parallel to collected head lice (Mumcuoglu et al 1990;Downs et al 2000;Kristensen et al 2006;Priestley et al 2006;Mougabure Cueto et al 2006a, 2008. A laboratory strain of the body lice was adapted to a rabbit host in the 1940s and was maintained without feeding on humans in laboratories from different countries (Culpepper 1948).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice) and Pediculus humanus humanus (body lice): response to laboratory temperature and humidity and susceptibility to monoterpenoids

2009

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Human pediculosis is produced by Pediculus humanus humanus (Linnaeus 1758) and Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer 1767). Laboratory-reared body lice, susceptible to insecticides, were used as reference in toxicological studies on head lice. In this work, we evaluated the survival of both subspecies at different temperatures and relative humidities and we propose the optimal conditions for comparative bioassays. Moreover, we used these conditions to test the activity of three monoterpenoids against both lice. The results showed differential response to changes in temperature and humidity between both organisms. The survival of body lice ranged between 83% and 100% and was not affected for the tested conditions. The survival of head lice depended on temperature, humidity, and exposure time. The optimal conditions for head lice were 18 masculineC and 97% relative humidity at 18 h of exposition. The insecticidal activity of three monoterpenoids (pulegone, linalool, and 1,8-cineole), evaluated according the selected conditions by topical application, showed no significant differences between males of body and head lice. To conclude, as head lice required more special laboratory conditions than body lice, the optimal head lice conditions should be used in both organisms in comparative bioassays. Body louse is an appropriate organism for testing products against of head louse.

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Susceptibility of British head lice, Pediculus capitis, to imidacloprid and fipronil

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Isoenzymes of human lice: Pediculus humanus and P. capitis

Isoenzymes of human lice: Pediculus humanus and P. capitis

Response of Pediculus humanus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera) to water or 70% ethanol immersion and determination of optimal times for measuring toxic effects

Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice) and Pediculus humanus humanus (body lice): response to laboratory temperature and humidity and susceptibility to monoterpenoids

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